{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:03:23Z","timestamp":1785301403968,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA, Parsonage\u2013Turner syndrome) is a common, multifocal, autoimmune inflammatory disease that predominantly affects proximal nerve segments of the shoulder girdle. Despite the high incidence of 100\/100,000, epidemiologic data based on larger cohorts are still lacking. This study aims to address this issue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective evaluation of billing data from an average of approximately 26,000,000 insured persons of a large German health insurance company was performed from 2013 to 2022. In addition to descriptive statistical methods, regression analyses were carried out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence and prevalence of NA were 7.7\u201312.8 and 19.7\u201321.6 per 100,000 people, respectively. During the study period, a steady decline in incidence and, to a lesser extent, prevalence was observed. The diagnosis was made significantly more frequently in the first quarter of the year than in any other quarter. The prevalence of a simultaneously coded diaphragmatic paresis (indicating the involvement of the phrenic nerve) was 0.45%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with prospectively collected data, the data in this study revealed an approximately 90% lower incidence of NA. It is likely that the majority of cases are not correctly diagnosed and are therefore not captured in the billing data. The involvement of the phrenic nerve in patients with NA also appears not to be recognized in most cases. According to the current pathophysiological model of NA, an immunological trigger is necessary to initiate the disease process. Our data support the accuracy of this model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:40:36Z","timestamp":1763116836000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidemiology of Neuralgic Amyotrophy\u2014A Retrospective Analysis of Data From a Large German Health Insurance Company"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2140-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes Fabian","family":"Holle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cologne\u2010Merheim, Hospitals of the City of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Health Faculty\/Department for Human Medicine University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Leha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Polte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOK Federal Association Outpatient Analysis and Care Scientific Institute of the AOK  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Limmroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cologne\u2010Merheim, Hospitals of the City of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Windisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty\/Department for Human Medicine University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"},{"name":"Cologne\u2010Merheim Lung Clinic, Hospitals of the City of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty\/Department for Human Medicine University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"},{"name":"Cologne\u2010Merheim Lung Clinic, Hospitals of the City of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"483","article-title":"Neuralgic Amyotrophy: A Commonly Overlooked Cause of Acute Shoulder Pain","volume":"121","author":"Holle J. F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.4.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Die AOK auf einen Blick AOK https:\/\/www.aok.de\/pk\/struktur\u2010verwaltung\/wir\u2010ueber\u2010uns\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.163386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"S.Covtun \u201cStudie zur Beurteilung der Therapieergebnisse einer neuralgischen Schulteramyotrophie: Spielt eine fr\u00fchzeitige Kortisontherapie f\u00fcr das bessere Outcome eine Rolle?\u201d [Dissertation zum Erwerb des Doktorgrades der Medizin]. [M\u00fcnchen]: Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu M\u00fcnchen 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"Die Neuralgische Amyotrophie: Eine H\u00e4ufige Ursache Uni\u2010Oder Bilateraler Zwerchfellparesen","author":"Zimmermann M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institut SurvStat@RKI 2.0 [online] https:\/\/survstat.rki.de."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30412-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Medizinischer Dienst Bund (K\u00f6R) SEG4\u2010Kodierempfehlungen [online] 2025 https:\/\/www.medizinischerdienst.de\/leistungserbringer\/kodierempfehlungen."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02117-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04704-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"GKV\u2010Spitzenverband GKV\u2010Statistik KM1 2013\u20132022 [online] https:\/\/www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de\/themen\/krankenversicherung\/zahlen\u2010und\u2010fakten\u2010zur\u2010krankenversicherung\/mitglieder\u2010und\u2010versicherte.html."}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.70059","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:57:19Z","timestamp":1772971039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.70059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.70059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.70059","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}