{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:39:22Z","timestamp":1791895162322,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nerve enlargement has been reported in patients with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). The underlying cause remains unclear, and both inflammatory processes and dysmyelination have been suggested as potential mechanisms. This study was aimed at assessing nerve morphology with high\u2010resolution ultrasound, to identify and describe patterns of nerve pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with genetically confirmed FRDA were included, clinically examined, and assessed with high\u2010resolution ultrasound. Cross\u2010sectional area measurements were compared with previously published normal values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 20 included patients, ultrasound abnormalities were found in 17 (85%). Nerve enlargement of the median and\/or ulnar nerve in the proximal nerve segments was observed in 45% of patients and was statistically significant compared to published normal values. Lower extremity nerve enlargement was observed in 20% of patients. Eight patients did not show any nerve enlargement. Diminished cross\u2010sectional area, indicative of nerve atrophy, was present, particularly in the distal segments of the ulnar nerve (in 25% of patients,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and the tibial nerve (popliteal fossa in 30% of patients, medial malleolus in 30% of patients, both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Nerve enlargement showed no significant correlations with disease severity or age of disease onset.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral nerve morphology in FRDA is variable and includes not only nerve enlargement but also nerve atrophy, thus reflecting complex segmental pathology beyond axonal degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T09:07:25Z","timestamp":1764839245000},"page":"395-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nerve Ultrasound in Patients With Friedreich Ataxia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8885-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Kneer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5155-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan\u2010Hendrik","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Wittlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"M\u00e4nnlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toghrul","family":"Gasimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludger","family":"Sch\u00f6ls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Fleszar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Hayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Human Genetics, Charit\u00e9 University Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology Eberhard\u2010Karls University of Tuebingen  Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard\u2010Karls University 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