{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:51:25Z","timestamp":1783342285828,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) is an increasingly recognized, frequent and often disabling disease with unknown etiology. We explored the utility of nerve ultrasound in the investigation of patients with predominantly sensory CIAP, by comparing ultrasound with clinical, genetic, laboratory and electrophysiological findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010nine patients with a predominantly sensory CIAP were included. The averaged measurements of the ultrasound cross\u2010sectional areas (CSAs) of median and ulnar nerves at mid\u2010forearm and mid\u2010humerus (Mean UL CSAs) for each patient were compared with demographics, neuropathy scores (INCAT Sensory Sumscore (ISS) and Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score), blood tests, repeat nerve conduction studies and, given the\n                      <jats:italic>RFC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      association with late\u2010onset sensory neuropathy, genetic\n                      <jats:italic>RFC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean UL CSA was significantly reduced in six patients (4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), increased in 15 (10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and normal in 18 (6.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Ultrasound abnormalities were associated with two distinct phenotypes: Most of the six patients with small CSAs had normal (five patients) or only mildly elevated body mass index (BMI), were homozygously\n                      <jats:italic>RFC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      expansion positive (four) and had a possible sensory neuronopathy based on Camdessanch\u00e9 criteria (five). Most patients with enlarged CSAs were overweight (93%), a majority had obesity (67%) and none was\n                      <jats:italic>RFC1<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory study supports a role for ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of CIAPs: reduced CSAs of upper limb nerves suggest inherited sensory neuronopathy, whereas increased CSAs make inherited sensory neuronopathy unlikely and, in combination with obesity, suggest metabolic neuropathy. Larger confirmatory studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T12:00:47Z","timestamp":1766145647000},"page":"340-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationships Between Nerve Ultrasound Findings and Clinical, Genetic, Laboratory and Electrophysiological Findings in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Tauranga Hospital, Hauora a Toi Bay of Plenty, Health of New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Tauranga New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunedin Hospital, He Hauora, He Kuru Pounamu, Health New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Z.","family":"Melville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Scriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Disease Genetics and Functional Genomics Group Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Tauranga Hospital, Hauora a Toi Bay of Plenty, Health of New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Tauranga New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland City Hospital, Te Toka Tumai, Health New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Neurogenetics Clinic, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland City Hospital, Te Toka Tumai, Health New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland City Hospital, Te Toka Tumai, Health New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Neurogenetics Clinic, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Laing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Genetics Group Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ravenscroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Disease Genetics and Functional Genomics Group Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8930-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. H.","family":"Roxburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland City Hospital, Te Toka Tumai, Health New Zealand, Te Whatu Ora  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Neurogenetics Clinic, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010021\u201010552\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.2110749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.4.943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.2048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health \u201cNew Zealand Health Survey \u201dAnnual Data Explorer (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00012.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"World Obesity Atlas 2024","author":"World Obesity Federation","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12665"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.70122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:21:13Z","timestamp":1770452473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.70122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.70122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.70122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}