{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:53:56Z","timestamp":1791204836393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review examines the emerging application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG), with emphasis on safety, efficacy signals, and future therapeutic potential in treatment\u2010refractory disease. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2025, using the terms \u201cCAR T\u2010cell,\u201d \u201cchimeric antigen receptor,\u201d and \u201cmyasthenia gravis.\u201d Eligible reports included clinical trials, case reports, case series, and mechanistic studies describing CAR T\u2010cell therapy outcomes in MG. Across five independent case series, seven patients receiving CAR T\u2010cells targeting CD19, BCMA, or bispecific antigens showed consistent clinical improvement. Peak expansion occurred 8\u201322\u2009days postinfusion, with persistence of 28 to ~180\u2009days. Despite small cohorts, safety in CAR T\u2010cell therapy was favorable versus oncology, with mainly Grade 1\u20132 cytokine release syndrome, rare immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity, and no severe or life\u2010threatening events. Seven registered trials (&gt;\u2009260 patients) are expected to conclude between 2026 and 2029. Overall, CAR T\u2010cell therapy shows substantial promise for treatment\u2010refractory MG, potentially offering greater durability than existing therapies with an acceptable safety profile. Nevertheless, current evidence is restricted to small, uncontrolled studies, and long\u2010term efficacy, durability, and optimal patient selection require validation in larger controlled trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:27:40Z","timestamp":1775806060000},"page":"942-951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chimeric Antigen Receptor T\u2010Cells in Myasthenia Gravis: Advances, Safety Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Hegelmaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Duscha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Desel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Stassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Krzemien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Katrin","family":"Hennemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Hannover Medical School  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