{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:53:42Z","timestamp":1791204822253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["116S317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116S317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a clinically and immunologically heterogeneous autoimmune disease and there is little known about the differential effects of cytokines in disease subgroups. This study aimed to compare serum cytokine profiles across distinct MG subgroups, including early\u2010onset MG (EOMG), late\u2010onset MG (LOMG), muscle\u2010specific kinase antibody\u2010positive MG (MuSK\u2010MG), thymoma\u2010associated MG (TAMG), and healthy controls (HC) in order to distinguish and determine relatively specific targets for the disease subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum samples from 22 EOMG, 23 LOMG, 17 MuSK\u2010MG, 25 TAMG patients, and 25 HC were analyzed for a panel of cytokines involved in T and B cell interactions using multiplex bead\u2010based immunoassays and ELISA. Additionally, paired serum samples of the same patients before and after immunosuppressive therapy were evaluated in a subset of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL\u201017A, IL\u20104, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201021, and IL\u20109 were significantly elevated in EOMG and MuSK\u2010MG groups, whereas IL\u201017F, IL\u201037, IL\u20102, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u201013 were higher in EOMG only compared with HC. Increased levels of IL\u20106 in MuSK\u2010MG and IL\u201037 in EOMG were found in these subtypes. In contrast, LOMG and TAMG patients showed limited cytokine alterations, with significant increases only in IL\u201021 in LOMG and IL\u201017A in TAMG. Immunosuppressive therapy did not significantly alter serum cytokine concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings reveal heterogeneous cytokine signatures among diverse MG subgroups, separating EOMG and MuSK\u2010MG from TAMG and LOMG with some similarities and highlighting the impact of age and thymoma presence on immune responses. This assessment of disease subgroups has provided a broader understanding of the cytokines in MG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:49:31Z","timestamp":1782920971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytokine Profiles in Myasthenia Gravis Subgroups and the Lack of Any Effect of Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Merve","family":"Cebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University  Rize Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6426-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hacer","family":"Durmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8129-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"\u00c7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4628-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet G\u00fcven","family":"G\u00fcnver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesim","family":"Parman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feza","family":"Deymeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcher","family":"Saruhan\u2010Direskeneli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI179742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/474512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1611673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500725"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524019666190827162615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.1028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3009-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-022-00501-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2018.1487976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1441407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/nsn.nsn_201_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01252-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Myasthenia Gravis: MuSK MG, Late\u2010Onset MG and Ocular MG","volume":"39","author":"Deymeer F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Myologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6478-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01139-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RI0716-335R"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1728767"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70278","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.70278","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:17:15Z","timestamp":1791202635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.70278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.70278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.70278","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}