{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:07Z","timestamp":1786632127124,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The identification of the risk of falling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is essential for the implementation of timely preventive approaches. This study aimed to examine the ability of the four square step test (FSST) and the 10\u2010m walk\/run test (10MWRT) to discriminate between fallers and non\u2010fallers in children with DMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety\u2010five children with DMD were included in this study. Functional level was determined with the Vignos Scale. Children who had fallen at least once in the previous month were categorized as \u201cfallers\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950), while those who had not fallen were categorized as \u201cnon\u2010fallers\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945). The FSST and 10MWRT were performed. The Mann\u2013Whitney U test was performed to examine group differences in the FSST and 10MWRT scores. The predictive values of the FSST and 10MWRT were determined with receiver operating characteristic curves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The demographic characteristics of fallers (median age: 9.50\u2009years; median body mass index [BMI]: 19.02\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and non\u2010fallers (median age: 9.00\u2009years; median BMI: 17.95) were similar (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Fallers demonstrated lower functional levels compared with non\u2010fallers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The FSST for fallers was 20.04\u2009\u00b1\u200912.57\u2009s while that for non\u2010fallers was 11.44\u2009\u00b1\u20092.94\u2009s with a cut\u2010off point of 13.10\u2009s (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The 10MWRT for fallers and non\u2010fallers were 9.42\u2009\u00b1\u20094.77 and 5.36\u2009\u00b1\u20092.10\u2009s, respectively, with a cut\u2010off point of 5.60\u2009s (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two outcome measures were shown to be sensitive and specific in determining the risk of falls in children with DMD. The cut\u2010off points may guide professionals in planning a proactive rehabilitation program to reduce fall risk or minimize subsequent injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1782532626000},"page":"740-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Use of the Four Square Step Test and the 10\u2010m Walk\/Run Test to Determine Fall Risk in Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Numan","family":"Bulut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Ald\u0131rmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Final International University  Mersin Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5556-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130pek","family":"Alemdaro\u011flu\u2010G\u00fcrb\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0855-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6znur","family":"Tunca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474\u20104422(18)30024\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25743"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2006.097097"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621\u2010015\u20100053\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010013\u20102442\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816650034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0012162201002778"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100042\u20101750722"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23905"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23902"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tnd.2021.84553"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2112098"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817\u20101745.147573"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2022.2143924"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03700150043007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.35469"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1076\u20108998.5.4.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258589"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312\u2010011\u20100055\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2014.989294"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398\u2010198110000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201044270\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1332384"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21653\/tjpr.602661"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13072\/midss.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/npt.0b013e31827f0d7a"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.063"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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