{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:36Z","timestamp":1786632156818,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n Muscle fat fraction (MFF) quantification using the Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is an emerging objective, non\u2010invasive biomarker in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MFF and disease progression, specifically its correlation with functional decline and genotypic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this single\u2010center prospective observational study, genetically confirmed, independently ambulant boys with DMD underwent MFF quantification of pelvic and thigh muscles. Functional measures including Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score, North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), and six\u2010minute walk test (6MWT) were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty boys (median age 8\u2009years) were included. Highest mean\n MFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was observed in gluteal muscles (51.74%\u2009\u00b1\u200923.26 right; 50.29%\u2009\u00b1\u200924.07 left), while hamstrings showed the lowest.\n MFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n demonstrated strong inverse correlations with all functional measures across most muscle groups at all time points. Baseline quadriceps\n MFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed the strongest correlation with rate of decline of\n 6MWT<\/jats:styled-content>\n over 1 year (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.668 (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.450, 0.811) and\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.564 (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.307, 0.745) for right and left respectively). Adductor\n MFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was significantly higher in proximal versus distal variants (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.049 and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.037).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n \n Baseline\n MFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , particularly in quadriceps, predicts functional decline in ambulatory\n DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Genotype\u2010specific adductor involvement suggests novel, variant\u2010specific spatial differences in muscle involvement. Longitudinal studies integrating genotype\u2013phenotype analyses could validate\n MFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n as a biomarker for clinical trials.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:45:30Z","timestamp":1783133130000},"page":"616-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fat\u2010Fraction Quantification Using Three\u2010Point Dixon Technique in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Its Correlation With Clinical Progression and Genotypic Characteristics: A Single Centre One\u2010Year Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5698-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manisha","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Vengalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saraswati","family":"Nashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore, Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerthi","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. S.","family":"Binu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atchayaram","family":"Nalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro\u2010Sciences Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760\u2010024\u201002600\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2732"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21544"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102014\u2010309405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010017\u20108547\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247\u2010023\u201005791\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008939"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010012\u20106733\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet\u20102015\u2010103387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10040241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23561"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474\u20104422(03)00585\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201048982\u2010w"}],"container-title":["Muscle & Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70334","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.70334","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:52:16Z","timestamp":1786629136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.70334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.70334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.70334","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}