{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:43Z","timestamp":1786632163306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP256f0137011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP256f0137011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K14534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K14534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K14297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K14297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasciculations are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet quantitative description of individual events on muscle ultrasound (MUS) is limited. We characterized the spatiotemporal kinematics of individual fasciculations to determine whether they differ between ALS and other neurogenic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed biceps brachii MUS recordings from 680 examinations (January 2020\u2013June 2025), identifying 74 ALS and 40 non\u2010ALS neurogenic recordings with fasciculations (167 and 62 segments). After propensity score matching for age and muscle strength, 62 matched pairs were analyzed. The Lucas\u2010Kanade optical flow algorithm, which estimates frame\u2010to\u2010frame displacement vectors from local intensity gradients, was applied at 1\u2010pixel intervals (57,600 points per 240\u2009\u00d7\u2009240 region; \u224860\u2009\u03bcm) to quantify twitch durations, peak displacement velocity, and directional anisotropy as a measure of spatial movement coherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ALS fasciculations showed prolonged total duration (582.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009112.8\u2009ms vs. 489.2\u2009\u00b1\u2009128.7\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), reduced directional anisotropy (0.534\u2009\u00b1\u20090.245 vs. 0.627\u2009\u00b1\u20090.215,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028), and lower peak displacement velocity (6.55\u2009\u00b1\u20096.56 vs. 9.53\u2009\u00b1\u20099.07\u2009\u03bcm\/ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039). MANOVA showed significant multivariate differences (Pillai's trace\u2009=\u20090.317\u2009\u00b1\u20090.030,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with moderate group separation (Mahalanobis distance\u2009=\u20091.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ALS fasciculations showed spatially heterogeneous and temporally prolonged contraction patterns, suggesting motor units in a transitional state of incomplete reinnervation, distinct from the more stable architecture of chronic neurogenic disorders. This framework may complement existing ultrasound assessment and aid the study of motor unit pathology in ALS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:16:20Z","timestamp":1783739780000},"page":"644-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Spatiotemporal Analysis of Ultrasound Images of Fasciculations in\n                    <scp>ALS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Sugisawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikatsu","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Matoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotomo","family":"Suehiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kozuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Chihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/61.3.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097\u20104598(199803)21:3<336::aid\u2010mus7>3.0.co;2\u2010b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6631664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318233b36a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010021\u201002473\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2015.2465168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"674","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)","author":"Lucas B. D.","year":"1981"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"The OpenCV Library","volume":"25","author":"Bradski G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools for the Professional Programmer"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2024.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102017\u2010315574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20101716.1957.tb01411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u2010510x(75)90166\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(10)61156\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u2010510x(82)90141\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880010205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103940(89)90149\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20105597(93)90069\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880161109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.11.005"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.70338","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.70338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:52:20Z","timestamp":1786629140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.70338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.70338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.70338","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}