{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:48Z","timestamp":1786632168237,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZD0118003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZD0118003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leprosy\u2010associated neuropathy and vasculitic neuropathy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) share overlapping clinical features, making differentiation challenging in nonendemic regions. High\u2010resolution ultrasound may aid in distinguishing these conditions, but comparative data are limited. This pilot study aimed to characterize and compare ultrasound findings in biopsy\u2010confirmed leprosy\u2010associated neuropathy and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and to identify distinctive sonographic features for early differential diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively included 12 patients with biopsy\u2010confirmed neuropathy (3 leprosy\u2010associated, 6 systemic VN, 3 nonsystemic VN) from a prospectively maintained database at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (2020\u20132025). All had undergone standardized clinical assessments, nerve conduction studies, and high\u2010resolution ultrasound of median, ulnar, tibial, fibular, and sural nerves, cervical roots, and brachial plexus. Cross\u2010sectional areas (CSA) were measured at predetermined sites. Power Doppler assessed intraneural vascularization in enlarged segments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In leprosy patients, nerve enlargement predominated proximal to entrapment sites (carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel\/above\u2010elbow, fibular head), with moderate\u2010to\u2010marked CSA increases. Intraneural power Doppler signals were detected in all enlarged segments (12\/12, 100%). In VN patients, enlargement was mild\u2010to\u2010moderate, predominantly in nonentrapment regions (mid\u2010forearm, upper arm), with less frequent vascularization (SVN: 25.0%; NSVN: 83.3%). Brachial plexus\/cervical root enlargement was uncommon in both groups. Lower limb nerve enlargement occurred exclusively in leprosy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distinct ultrasound patterns may help distinguish leprosy\u2010associated neuropathy from VN. Marked enlargement near entrapment sites with increased vascularization was more commonly observed in leprosy, while mild nonentrapment enlargement was more frequent in VN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:13:42Z","timestamp":1784686422000},"page":"678-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High\u2010Resolution Ultrasound for Differentiation Between Leprosy\u2010Associated Neuropathy and Vasculitic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4046-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0257-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100003449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.12.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/asmcr.00080-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0799"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-015-0223-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31824d969c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0940"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.JNS142210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.23591"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050584"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.179086"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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