{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:57:16Z","timestamp":1777535836070,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8443,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biopsies of the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were studied in 9 children with idiopathic torticollis, from 8 months to 17 years of age, who were undergoing surgical release of the sternal and clavicular attachments on the side of the contracture. Extensive fibrosis involved mainly the sternal head. Nonspecific myopathic changes, also mainly in the sternal head, included cytoarchitectural alterations of muscle fibers, necrosis, and focal inflammation. Histochemical type grouping and grouped atrophy were extensive in some cases and present in all except one, but the clavicular head was predominantly involved. Denervation and reinnervation are common chronic features in idiopathic torticollis, probably secondary to entrapment neuropathy: the accessory nerve reaches the clavicular head by passing through the sternal head. Separate arterial supplies predispose to ischemia in the sternal head, resulting in focal myopathy and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880040505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T08:00:18Z","timestamp":1104566418000},"page":"374-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Idiopathic torticollis: Sternocleidomastoid myopathy and accessory neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Harvey B.","family":"Sarnat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond T.","family":"Morrissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/99.1.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1922.01110130197007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195941050-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1967.00470190018002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193307132090206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"401","article-title":"Congenital muscular torticollis: hematoma, fact or myth?","volume":"45","author":"Garceau GJ","year":"1962","journal-title":"RI Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"457","article-title":"Ist der muskul\u00e4re Schiefhals angeboren?","volume":"106","author":"Imh\u00e4user G","year":"1969","journal-title":"Z Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-192612000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(79)80033-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1955.02950320011004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739050-00015","article-title":"Congenital muscular torticollis. Etiology and pathology","volume":"39","author":"Lidge RT","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Acquired torticollis in eleven horses","volume":"175","author":"McKelvey WAC","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Congenital torticollis","volume":"3","author":"Meyerding HW","year":"1921","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800187003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcber die Exstirpation des Kopfnickers beim Muskularen Schiefhals, nebst Bernerkungen zur Pathologie dieses Leidens","volume":"22","author":"Mikulicz J","year":"1895","journal-title":"Centralbl Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Paralysis of the trapezius associated with myogenic torticollis. A report of 6 cases","volume":"3","author":"Motta A","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ital J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"397","article-title":"Pathog\u00e9nie du torticolis congenitale (Th\u00e9orie isch\u00e9mique)","volume":"7","author":"Nov\u00e9\u2010Josserand G","year":"1906","journal-title":"Revue d'Orthop\u00e9die, 2e s\u00e9rie"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00463072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.48B3.441","article-title":"Birth injury to the sternocleidomastoid muscle","volume":"48","author":"Sanerkin NG","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","unstructured":"StromeyerGF:Beitrage zur operationen orthopaedik oder erfahrungen ueber die subcutane durchseneidung verkurzter muskeln une deren sehnen. Helwing Hanover Germany 1838"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.880040505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.880040505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T04:30:58Z","timestamp":1699763458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.880040505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.880040505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880040505","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]}}}