{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:54:21Z","timestamp":1761393261761},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6709,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sera of 134 patients were examined for antimuscle antibodies by immunofluorescence (IF). These derived from 77 myasthenics, 30 myasthenics with thymoma, 6 patients with thymoma and no clinical evidence of myasthenia, and 21 patients with other autoimmune or neuromuscular diseases. Three separate patterns of antimuscle antibodies could be identified in the myasthenic sera by examination of the relaxed glycerinated myofibrils by both IF and phase\u2010contrast optics: A\u2010band (9 with thymoma, 1 without), I\u2010band (11 with thymoma, 17 without), and a mixed A plus I pattern (5 with thymoma, 3 without). Seventy\u2010seven myasthenic serum samples (24 with thymoma, 53 without) were available for evaluation of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (antiAChR) by radioimmunoassay. Ninety\u2010one percent reacted with crude human receptor extract and 80% with receptor extracted from denervated rat muscle. There was no correlation between the titers of anti\u2010AChR and the presence or staining patterns of antimuscle antibodies, but patients without anti\u2010AChR did not have antimuscle antibodies. Myasthenics with thymoma had the highest prevalence of anti\u2010AChR (237sol;24) and of antimuscle antibodies (257sol;30), and 15 of the 20 positives stained A\u2010bands alone or with I\u2010band, as compared to 4 of 21 positive reactions in those without tumor. Immunoabsorption, which removed or significantly reduced anti\u2010AChR, did not alter antimuscle reactivity. The discrepancies between anti\u2010AChR levels and the presence and types of antimuscle antibodies suggest that these are independent autoantibodies. Current theories of immunopathogenesis implicate altered thymic antigens or a major breakdown in immune regulation, either of which could explain their production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880090505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T04:56:45Z","timestamp":1104555405000},"page":"407-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Antimuscle and antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Audrey S.","family":"Penn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald L.","family":"Schotland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S. 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