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In this review these general criteria are discussed, including the evidence provided by plasma exchange therapy, demonstration of circulating or deposited autoantibodies and immune complexes, identification of antigenic molecules, animal model diseases, passive transfer experiments, and the demonstration of circulating factors not directed against specific targets. In acute, chronic, and chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuropathies, and in the polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy, humoral factors have been identified, but their exact pathogenic role is not fully understood. In the Lambert\u2010Eaton myasthenic syndrome, a disorder of the motor nerve terminal, pathogenic IgG\u2010antibodies have been demonstrated by passive transfer experiments. In the experimental animal model disorders, the acute and chronic variants of experimental allergic neuritis, humoral factors including antibodies to myelin basic proteins and galactocerebroside and nonspecific humoral factors may all contribute to the ultimate peripheral nerve damage, but their relative importance in relation to cell\u2010mediated immune reactions is not yet clear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880100305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T07:18:29Z","timestamp":1104563909000},"page":"222-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Humoral factors in peripheral nerve disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Klaus V.","family":"Toyka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Heininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"The Autonomic Nervous System: An Introduction to Basic and Clinical Concepts","author":"Appenzeller O","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"2050","volume-title":"Peripheral Neuropathy","author":"Arnason BGW","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410090703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(83)92067-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7268405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"BrownMJ SergottRC RosenJL MillerSL LisakRP:Monoclonal myelin\u2010associated glycoprotein antibody causes widening of myelin lamellae and demyelination in vivo. 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