{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:43:13Z","timestamp":1698064993261},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5187,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lambert\u2010Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by reduced acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. We report a model of the disease developed by active immunization of rats with purely cholinergic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) isolated from the <jats:italic>Torpedo<\/jats:italic> electric organ. Electromyographic studies of neuromuscular transmission in these rats showed a weak initial response followed by a pronounced incremental response to paired supramaximal stimuli (8 msec apart). There was no such response in control rats. There was no evidence of a postsynaptic transmission deficit in the synaptosomes immunized rats. We conclude that immunizing rats with <jats:italic>Torpedo<\/jats:italic> cholinergic nerve terminals causes a specific presynaptic dysfunction and may serve as a model for the study of LEMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880130811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T09:43:33Z","timestamp":1104572613000},"page":"726-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rats immunized with cholinergic synaptosomes: A model for Lambert\u2010Eaton syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joab","family":"Chapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amos D.","family":"Korczyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Michaelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48015-5","article-title":"Identification of the receptor for \u03c9\u2010conotoxin in brain: Probable components of the calcium channel","volume":"262","author":"Abe T","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880110105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1976.040.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1957.02970480021005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"689","article-title":"Detailed analysis of neuromuscular transmission in a patient with the myasthenic syndrome sometimes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Elmquist D","year":"1968","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90179-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880080213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12799.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Myasthenia Gravis","author":"Lambert EH","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1971.tb30750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90474-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90350-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90586-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb07055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"505","article-title":"On the regulation of acetylcholine release: A study utilizing Torpedo synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles","volume":"76","author":"Michaelson DM","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"757","volume-title":"Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cholinergic Function","author":"Molenaar PC","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1972.00490130093014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb06640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145181"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"A new assay for the detection of anti\u2010voltage\u2010operated channels antibodies in Lambert\u2010Eaton myasthenic syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Sher E","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350","article-title":"Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polycrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedures and some applications","volume":"76","author":"Towbin H","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.15.5464"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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