{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:18:33Z","timestamp":1772241513881,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4060,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vocal cord paralysis may occur in isolation or as part of a constellation of findings in neurological disease. We investigated the pathophysiology of these disorders with laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). We studied 44 patients with idiopathic vocal cord paralysis, confirmed by laryngoscopy. The major LEMG finding, present in 29 vocal cords, was evidence of active or chronic denervation in the thyroarytenoid (TA), indicating recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Denervation of the cricothyroid (CT) in 5 patients indicated superior laryngeal neuropathy. TA and CT involvement in 1 patient indicated proximal laryngeal or vagus nerve damage. LEMG was performed in 48 patients with other laryngeal disorders. LEMG proved to be a safe and effective procedure in the diagnosis of laryngeal neuropathy as distinguished from supranuclear and mechanical disorders of the larynx. \u00a9 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T08:16:13Z","timestamp":1104567373000},"page":"952-957","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Vocal cord paralysis: Clinical and electrophysiologic features"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sternman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Graves\u2010Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198208053070605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196107000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"496","article-title":"Laryngeal electromyography\u2010techniques, applications, and a review of personal experience","volume":"6","author":"Blair RL","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"900","article-title":"Unilateral vocal cord paralysis","volume":"151","author":"Clerf LH","year":"1953","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945506400218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946907800116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electromyographic investigation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles in humans","volume":"41","author":"Faaborg\u2010Andersen K","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487209128448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1202.362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"499","article-title":"A new method of placement of a needle electrode in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles for electromyography","volume":"55","author":"Hiroto I","year":"1962","journal-title":"Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngol Clinic, Kyoto"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946807700214"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487009181907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199010000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199107000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1932.00630040152001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"214","article-title":"Detecting lower motor neuron dysfunction of the pharynx and larynx with electromyography","volume":"72","author":"Palmer J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197007000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.9.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Conduction time and velocity in human recurrent laryngeal nerve","volume":"12","author":"Peytz F","year":"1965","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1989.tb00378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1978.00790120011002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"587","article-title":"Laryngeal electromyography in the diagnosis of laryngeal nerve injuries","volume":"71","author":"Rodriquez A","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"SimpsonDM KaufmannH SandersI WolfeDE: Laryngeal dystonia in multiple system atrophy.Muscle Nerve1992;1213\u20131215."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"380","article-title":"Electrodiagnosis of laryngeal disorders","volume":"67","author":"Thumfart WF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/67.3.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100055110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(83)80001-7"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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