{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:19:00Z","timestamp":1791325140445,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3453,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The consequences of chronic hypoxemia on maximal force and endurance time to sustained 80% of maximal isometric contraction of two skeletal muscles (adductor pollicis and vastus lateralis) and the diaphragm were studied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Compared to normal subjects, COPD patients have lower values of\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    for the two skeletal muscle groups and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    (diaphragm). Endurance time was also shorter for the diaphragm and adductor pollicis. Chronic hypoxemia was associated with an accentuation in integrated EMG changes in both low and high frequency bands for adductor pollicis and diaphragm. Inhalation of oxygen enriched gas mixture for a 15\u2010min period increased markedly\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    values, prolonged the endurance time to sustained thumb adduction, and reduced the EMG changes in the low frequency band for adductor pollicis. The present observations provide evidence for altered maximal performances of skeletal muscles in chronic hypoxemic patients and also point out the virtues of oxygen breathing in these patients. \u00a9 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T21:17:34Z","timestamp":1104527854000},"page":"495-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Maximal force and endurance to fatigue of respiratory and skeletal muscles in chronic hypoxemic patients: The effects of oxygen breathing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marie Caroline","family":"Zattara\u2010Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Badier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Guillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Tomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Jammes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1980.122.5.747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880170506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"696","article-title":"Maximal respiratory pressures: normal values and relationship to age, and sex","volume":"99","author":"Black LF","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-197100310-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.1.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"The diaphragm as a muscle: contractile properties","volume":"119","author":"Faulkner JA","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.3.1167","article-title":"Operation Everest II: neuromuscular performance under conditions of extreme simulated altitude","volume":"68","author":"Garner SH","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1924.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","volume-title":"The Thorax","author":"Jammes Y","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90023-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Limiting factors for aerobic muscles performance","volume":"346","author":"Kaijser L","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.634"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.6.2586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"216","volume-title":"Exercise at Altitude","author":"Margaria R","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"465","article-title":"Maximal exercise in oxygen","volume":"18","author":"Margaria R","year":"1961","journal-title":"Int Z Angew Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.4.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1937.tb01582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.574","article-title":"Effects of ischemic and hypoxic hypoxia on VO2 and lactic acid output during tetanic contractions","volume":"68","author":"Stainsby WN","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"478","volume-title":"Hypoxia, Exercise and Altitude","author":"Sutton JR","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198025000-00005","article-title":"Skeletal muscles strength during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia","volume":"12","author":"Young A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00640646"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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