{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:51:58Z","timestamp":1788414718469,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recent advancements of anisotropic phonon polaritons (PhPs) in low\u2010dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials enable efficient control of long\u2010wavelength light at nanoscale with ultrahigh confinement and low loss. The theoretical analysis based on the two\u2010dimensional (2D) surface conductivity model has been widely exploited, for its simplicity, to understand fundamental phenomena at the surface of vdW slabs, which, however, neglects\u00a0the intrinsic higher\u2010order waveguide modes excited therein. Here, we report a generalized surface conductivity model which can allow us to include all waveguide modes, by taking into account the out\u2010of\u2010plane dimensions. In doing so, we can separate and examine each individual waveguide mode in vdW slabs with 2D models, and to further clarify the contribution of each polaritonic mode in near\u2010field light matter interactions. As a concrete example, we examine the enhancement of photonic local density of states by PhPs in the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phase molybdenum trioxide and hexagonal boron nitride plates and show that higher\u2010order waveguide PhPs, instead of fundamental ones, surprisingly dominate the enhancement of light\u2013matter interactions close to the surface. Our findings provide fundamentally relevant insights into anisotropic polaritons in vdW materials and beyond, important in near\u2010field energy and information transport and other nanophotonic phenomena.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nap2.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:34:51Z","timestamp":1774344891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Generalized Surface Conductivity Model for Anisotropic Phonon Polaritons in van der Waals Slabs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LTCS School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore"},{"name":"CINTRA (CNRS\u2013International\u2010NTU\u2010THALES\u2010Research Alliances\/UMI 3288)  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceji","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LTCS School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3023-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University  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