{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:09:54Z","timestamp":1779167394524,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23B2047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23B2047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62321166651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62321166651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62375238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62375238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62205292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A digitally tunable dispersion controller (DTDC) using low\u2010loss silicon nitride multimode waveguide gratings is developed. The architecture of the DTDC is based on\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    stages of cascaded chirped multimode waveguide gratings (CMWGs) and (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0+\u00a01) 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 Mach\u2013Zehnder switches (MZSs). The\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    th stage incorporates\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a02\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22121\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    CMWGs, resulting in a total of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a02\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2212 1 CMWGs across the entire structure. The overall dispersion is determined by the collective states of all the MZSs. The DTDC enables a digital tuning range of dispersion from 0 to (2\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2212 1)\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    with a minimum step of\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    , where\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    is defined as the dispersion provided by a single CMWG. A DTDC designed with\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a05 and\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a031 is fabricated with 400\u2010nm\u2010thick silicon nitride via a standardized 8\u2010inch foundry process, providing an average dispersion\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    of approximately 1.60\u00a0ps\/nm per single 4\u2010mm\u2010long CMWG over a 26\u2010nm\u2010wide bandwidth. The total dispersion can be digitally tuned from 0 to 49.72\u00a0ps\/nm by controlling the MZSs appropriately, and the corresponding group delay can be tuned from 0 to 1304\u00a0ps. The group delay ripple (GDR) accounts for as low as 1.14% of the total delay, with the propagation loss estimated to be 0.22\u00a0dB\/cm.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nap2.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:46:31Z","timestamp":1776249991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digitally Tunable Dispersion Controller Using Low\u2010Loss Silicon Nitride Multimode Waveguide Gratings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5745-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruitao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zexu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weike","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3067-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zejie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2769-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoxin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Center for Optical &amp; Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"China Jiliang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Intelligent Optics &amp; Photonics Research Center Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University  Jiaxing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2017.2778741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.479846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201061408\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2016.2574125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005345\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201052057\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047904\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.397202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0165681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102022\u20100026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377\u2010021\u201000572\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010023\u201001214\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377\u2010022\u201001029\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/prj.445304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010023\u201001280\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACP55869.2022.10088552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jphot.2020.2989431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lpt.2018.2865703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.39.000701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0022963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.519261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.563866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/optica.480376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.3c00326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.480375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102024\u20100312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/prj.452936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo2631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201700109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/optica.529673"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/col202422.121301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2022.3174133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.44.004578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201200023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102018\u20100058"}],"container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nap2.70072","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nap2.70072","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nap2.70072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:22:36Z","timestamp":1779164556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nap2.70072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nap2.70072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nap2.70072","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-8614","2192-8614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-8614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70072"}}