{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:14:12Z","timestamp":1778850852528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62475061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62475061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    High\u2010performance terahertz (THz) sensing holds significant promise for label\u2010free medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring, owing to unique fingerprint spectra of biomolecules. However, THz sensing technology still faces limitations, including low sensitivity, low quality factor (\n                    <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010factor), restricted figure of merit (FOM), and nontunability. Here, we propose a cavity\u2010enhanced scheme for an ultrasensitive tunable THz sensor, integrating a graphene\u2010strip metasurface, a microcavity with dielectric analytes, and a gold reflective layer. We reveal a new physical mechanism allowing tunable critical coupling to maximize light\u2013matter interaction, which involves strong coherent Fano effect arising from dipole localized surface plasmon resonance of graphene\u2010strip metasurface, coupled with surface plasmon polaritons excited in gold reflective film, and a highly confined cavity mode with narrow absorption linewidth. Hybrid coupling mechanism leads to highly localized field within the microcavity, significantly enhancing light\u2013matter interaction and facilitating THz ultrasensitive sensing. Results show the critical coupling resonance scheme substantially improves the sensitivity and FOM. The sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 2.7\u00a0THz per refractive index unit (RIU) with a normalized sensitivity of 1.5\u00a0RIU\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and a record\u2010high FOM exceeding 2.54\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The sensing performance is tuned by electrically controlling graphene gate voltage. The proposed scheme is promising for on\u2010chip integrated THz biochemical sensors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nap2.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:07:41Z","timestamp":1777871261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasensitive Tunable Terahertz Sensor via Critical Coupling\u2010Enhanced Fano Resonance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingdong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Solomonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"},{"name":"School of Physics and Engineering ITMO University  Saint Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail V.","family":"Rybin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"},{"name":"School of Physics and Engineering ITMO University  Saint Petersburg Russia"},{"name":"Ioffe Institute  Saint Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-2271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1909-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Sensor Devices  Harbin China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Micro\u2010Nano Optoelectronic Information System Ministry of Industry and Information Technology  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3194154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl400374z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953\u20108984\/18\/18\/s07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1332415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmtt.2004.835916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201300146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2018.2886412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0112993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201100163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5041485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.36.001524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100313v"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201600064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5nr03044g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3533367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4722801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4802236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4895595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2023.110405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn406627u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.42.003052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.017886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045267\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ph400090p"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.25.031612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.107.104203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevapplied.6.044019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.112.186603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.4.L012018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.92.235417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.113.263902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2017.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.14.007709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201800017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201034170\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2008.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl201771h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102023\u20100643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201066457\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.108.062811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.102.1554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