{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:18:03Z","timestamp":1787987883469,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developing materials with high third\u2010order nonlinear susceptibility and low optical limiting thresholds remains a challenge in photonic device engineering. Bimetallic nanoparticles offer a compelling route to enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) performance by coupling plasmonic field amplification with interfacial electronic structure. Herein, we report the synthesis of AgCo bimetallic nanoparticles with a surface\u2010confined Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    layer and a systematic investigation of their third\u2010order NLO response under both continuous\u2010wave (CW) and nanosecond pulsed excitation. The system exhibits strong reverse saturable absorption, with \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>eff<\/jats:sub>\n                    reaching 7.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0cm\/W at 638\u00a0nm under CW excitation,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.054\u00a0m\/GW, and a third\u2010order susceptibility \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>(3)<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a04.12\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>\n                    esu at 532\u00a0nm under nanosecond excitation, which is higher than that of many reported molecular and nanostructured systems. Crucially, the intensity\u2010dependent nonlinear absorption coefficient confirms a sequential excited\u2010state absorption mechanism rather than two\u2010photon absorption, driven by hot\u2010carrier injection across the Ag\u2010Co\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    Schottky junction into mixed\u2010valence intermediate states. This distinguishes the system from conventional monometallic optical limiters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nap2.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:45:31Z","timestamp":1787219131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Third\u2010Order Nonlinear Optical Response and Optical Limiting in Silver\u2010Cobalt Bimetallic Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0260-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. K.","family":"Nanditha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreepooja","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. B.","family":"Manjunatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT) Nitte (Deemed to be University)  Nitte India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0801-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dileep","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry RNS Institute of Technology Channasandra  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. G.","family":"Raghavendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. C.","family":"Gurumurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102021\u20100694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201066640\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202503585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00155E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102015\u20100149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202001671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12081273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13071270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2025.120025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853\u2010026\u201012311\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la201938u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.112057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200401086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b212437h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2024.116599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2025.116920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854\u2010025\u201016498\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12060924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13101631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaom.5c00179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scient.2012.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2021.107092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2020.106426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082\u2010016\u20100830\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2024.113061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3.53394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203912539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Optical Phase conjunction\u2010Elsevier Science","author":"Fisher R. A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889813003531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.70032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr040090g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201403380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.56.978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.10.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp026731y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl049681c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp063879z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106528\/acdc2b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00872"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.4c01408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tc30861h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0608628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b11154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9917648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsurfi.2026.100856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957\u20104484\/23\/27\/275604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202410356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034\u20104885\/74\/10\/106401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202304523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl1042243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.8b02892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/s43578\u2010023\u201001229\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2024.114907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c03143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA04192E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b416368k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2022.108444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2016.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA17317A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2010.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201770053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp3353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn302089h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.2.000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340\u2010024\u201008262\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10824-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja076134v"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2024.140470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp5071133"}],"container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nap2.70255","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nap2.70255","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nap2.70255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:17:23Z","timestamp":1787984243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nap2.70255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nap2.70255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nap2.70255","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-8614","2192-8614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-8614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70255"}}