{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:19:01Z","timestamp":1787987941912,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000439005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000439005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201021452969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201021452969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Photonic slot waveguides confine light in subwavelength low\u2010index gaps and are useful for compact light\u2013matter interaction devices, but tight bending strongly distorts the slot\u2010confined mode and limits dense on\u2010chip routing. Conventional routing strategies typically avoid strong curvature by using large bend radii or strip\u2013slot conversion, thereby increasing the circuit footprint. Here, we demonstrate an ultra\u2010compact slot waveguide bend in which independent rail\u2010width optimization gives rise to asymmetric mode evolution within the bending region, enabling efficient output\u2010mode recovery under extreme curvature. The optimized geometry develops a rail\u2010width asymmetry, leading to field redistribution toward the wider outer rail followed by efficient coupling to the output slot mode. Implemented on a 220\u2010nm\u2010thick silicon\u2010on\u2010insulator platform, the inverse\u2010designed 90\u00b0 bend has a bending radius of 1.5\u00a0\u03bcm and a 100\u00a0nm slot gap. Three\u2010dimensional finite\u2010difference time\u2010domain simulations predict quasi\u2010TE\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    modal transmission exceeding 95% across the C\u2010band. Experimental measurements further confirm broadband transmission in routing structures containing up to 80 cascaded ultra\u2010tight 90\u00b0 bends. From the accumulated routing loss, we extract an effective excess loss of approximately 0.29\u00a0dB per 90\u00b0 turn. These results demonstrate asymmetric mode evolution as a practical design strategy for ultra\u2010compact slot\u2010waveguide routing in high\u2010density photonic integrated circuits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nap2.70260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:35:45Z","timestamp":1787218545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low\u2010Loss Routing of Strongly Confined Light in Ultra\u2010Compact Silicon Slot\u2010Waveguide Bends"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6585-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Systems Center Defense Agency for Technology and Quality (DTaQ)  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae\u2010Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokjin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6580-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berkay","family":"Neseli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo\u2010Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0749-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2012.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adm7569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2019.2909983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jphot.2011.2142931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201056020\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201004276\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lpt.2007.897294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.16.014330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202100162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.445529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/opex.12.001622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201800119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102024\u20100295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph\u20102022\u20100443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201011196\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.29.001209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.32.003080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2009.2031596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.004977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.4c01185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.001981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.23.000684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.020839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2007.893909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.1c00890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.005397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082\u2010020\u201002569\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.009197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.24.002373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.26.002321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.39.005665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.32.001250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.427802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jphot.2013.2239283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.58.004450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3055486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.452580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.415149"}],"container-title":["Nanophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nap2.70260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nap2.70260","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nap2.70260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:17:26Z","timestamp":1787984246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nap2.70260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nap2.70260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nap2.70260","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-8614","2192-8614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-8614","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-8614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70260"}}