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However, the pathogenesis of PUUO is still incompletely understood. Most of our knowledge on PUUO has been derived from experimental studies in a variety of animal models. Although progress has been made, the natural history of congenital hydronephrosis is still incompletely described. The effects on kidney functions of long\u2010term urinary tract obstruction, especially PUUO, have been less intensively studied. Recently, we created models with mild and severe PUUO in young rats by embedding the upper one fourth or the upper two thirds of the left ureter into the psoas muscle, respectively. Thereafter, the technique was used to create mild and severe PUUO in newborn rats and magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that both mild and severe obstruction caused a time\u2010dependent decrease in renal blood flow. Compensatory increase in total kidney volume and renal vein blood flow in contralateral non\u2010obstructed kidneys was not detectable when functional deterioration in the partially obstructed kidneys was present. Finally, we investigated the dynamic changes in renal relative signal intensity (RSI) of gadolinium\u2010diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd\u2010DTPA) using magnetic resonance imaging in rats with partial, complete unilateral ureteral obstruction and sham\u2010operated controls. The results showed that changes in Gd\u2010DTPA RSI are compatible with the known physiological and anatomical changes in kidneys in response to ureteral obstruction and useful for distinguishing an obstructed from a non\u2010obstructed collecting system and also for differentiating a partially obstructed from a completely obstructed collecting system. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:231\u2013250, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:25:36Z","timestamp":1030317936000},"page":"231-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jian Guo","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"725","volume-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the body","author":"Alagappan R","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1966.tb09673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36185-2","article-title":"Antenatal diagnosis and subsequent management of hydronephrosis","volume":"146","author":"Blyth B","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000167514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the ureter: partial ligation of the ureter in dogs","volume":"2","author":"Boyarsky S","year":"1964","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65993-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1993.7.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)34983-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"488","article-title":"Acute tubular necrosis: use of gadolinium\u2010DTPA and fast MR imaging to evaluate renal function in the rabbit","volume":"11","author":"Carvlin MJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Comput"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44938-X","article-title":"Contribution of endogenous vasoactive compounds to renal vascular resistance in neonatal chronic partial ureteral obstruction","volume":"136","author":"Chevalier RL","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198412000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198704000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1988.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.3.2916025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35609-4","article-title":"Diuretic renography in the evaluation of neonatal hydronephrosis: is it reliable?","volume":"150","author":"Chung S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51764-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39177-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Pediatric urology","author":"Cohen M","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.3.777"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"R398","article-title":"Pyeloureteral dynamics in the intact and chronically obstructed multicalyceal kidney","volume":"241","author":"Constantinou CE","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"F926","article-title":"Macrophages, monocyte chemoattractant peptide\u20101, and TGF\u2010beta 1 in experimental hydronephrosis","volume":"266","author":"Diamond JR","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Myofibroblasts in experimental hydronephrosis","volume":"146","author":"Diamond JR","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Predictive value of renography and i.v. urography for the outcome of reconstructive surgery in patients with hydronephrosis","volume":"472","author":"Djurhuus JC","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Experimental hydronephrosis. 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