{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:17:44Z","timestamp":1775744264275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3944,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The object of this study was to develop a spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model for autonomic dysreflexia (AD), assessing the effect of alpha\u2010adrenergic and calcium channel blockade and to determine the relationship of detrusor\u2010external sphincter dyssynergia (DKSD) to the development of AD. A laminectomy was performed in male rats at the T4 or TI0 level and a controlled 50 g cm blunt SCI was induced using an impounder. Four weeks after injury, changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored while simultaneous cystometry (CMG) and pelvic floor electromography (EMG) were performed in vivo in sham (control) and spinal cord injured rats. The effects of terazosin (0.1 mg\/kg). diltiazem (0.5 mg\/kg). and oxybutynin chloride (0.1 mg\/kg) on hemodynamic changes were assessed independently. Both T4 and TI0 SCI rat displayed evidence of DESD (enhanced pelvic floor EMG activity at cystometric capacity) while control rats did not. Only T4 injured rats exhibited evidence of AD, with mean blood pressure elevations from 82.9 \u00b1 13.6 to 93.9 \u00b1 11.3 mm Hg (P &lt; 0.01) and a mean heart rate decrease from 332.2 \u00b1 56.5 to 311.1 \u00b1 54.5 beats\/min (P = 0.02) at cystometric capacity. The intravenous administration of terazosin or diltiazem abolished the AD response during CMC. The administration of oxybutynin exhibited the ability to increase bladder capacity and improve compliance in all 3 groups but did not blunt AD. The rat model of SCI effectively reproduced hemodynamic changes consistent with the AD complex in T4 level SCI but not TI0 level SCI animals, despite incomplete lesions. Blockade with either an alpha\u20101 or a calcium channel antagonist effectively ablated the AD response to bladder distention. Anticholinergic agents had no effect on AD DESD frequently accompanies autonomic dysreflexia, although the development of AD is not a prerequisite for DESD. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T13:08:26Z","timestamp":1173013706000},"page":"141-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Autonomic dysreflexia in a rat model spinal cord injury and the effect of pharmacologic agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Rivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Chancellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Salzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(79)90214-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)43533-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Autonomic hyperreflexia: Pathophysiology and medical management","volume":"61","author":"Erickson RP","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(89)90145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1989.tb00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/140.5.345","article-title":"Autonomic hyperreflexia: Review","volume":"140","author":"Johnson B","year":"1975","journal-title":"Milit Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37727-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-44-4-678"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57892-1","article-title":"Complications of autonomic dysreflexia","volume":"118","author":"Kursch ED","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1985.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)52631-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)59065-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"R169","article-title":"Chronic cervical spinal cord injury and autonomic hyperreflexia in rats","volume":"258","author":"Osborn JW","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.4.0577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1988.5.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57524-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197004022821410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1954.02320410050004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38140-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90310-X"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnau.1930140207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.1930140207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T22:09:13Z","timestamp":1700518153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.1930140207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.1930140207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.1930140207","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}