{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:34:13Z","timestamp":1791905653979,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,28]],"date-time":"2006-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>We conducted this study to examine the role of trigger point injections in females with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) of at least 6 months duration and specific levator ani trigger points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This prospective study included 18 consecutive female patients with CPP and specific palpable levator ani trigger points. Pain was evaluated before and after trigger point injection on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patient global satisfaction (PGS) and cure rates (PGC) were also measured by a VAS on a scale of 0\u2013100%. The trigger points were identified manually by intravaginal palpation of the levator ani bilaterally. A mixture of 10 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine, 10 cc of 2% lidocaine and 1 cc (40 mg) of triamcinolone was used for injection of 5 cc per trigger point. A 5.5\u2033 Iowa trumpet pudendal needle guide was used for injection. All but one injection were performed in the office setting without sedation. Pelvic floor muscle exercises were taught for use after injection. Success was defined as a decrease in pain as measured by a VAS of 50% or more, as well as PGS and PGC scores of 60% or greater. There was a mean follow up of 3 months after trigger point injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Thirteen of 18 women improved with the first trigger point injection resulting in a comprehensive success rate of 72%. Six (33%) of 18 women were completely pain free.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>In the management of CPP, a non\u2010surgical office\u2010based therapy such as trigger point injections can be effective in selected patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:59\u201362, 2007. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,28]],"date-time":"2006-12-28T20:47:21Z","timestamp":1167338841000},"page":"59-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Levator ani trigger point injections: An underutilized treatment for chronic pelvic pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Carolyn F.","family":"Langford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Udvari Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal M.","family":"Ghoniem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Trigger points: Diagnosis and management","volume":"65","author":"Alvarez D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"474","volume-title":"An osteopathic approach to diagnosis and treatment","author":"DiGiovanna EL","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1344-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02051169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02723-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain\u2014part 1: Prevelence, evaluation. etiology, and comorbidities","volume":"5","author":"Learman LA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Stud Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0503300108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02560224"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-004-0662-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079620"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An osteopathic approach to treating women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"105","author":"Tetttambel MA","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65539-5"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnau.20393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.20393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T03:53:18Z","timestamp":1700538798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.20393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.20393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20393","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}