{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:59:52Z","timestamp":1792648792012,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common hospital acquired infection. The major associated cause is indwelling urinary catheters. Currently there are many types of catheters available. A variety of specialized urethral catheters have been designed to reduce the risk of infection. These include antiseptic impregnated catheters and antibiotic impregnated catheters. Other issues that should be considered when choosing a catheter are ease of use, comfort and cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary objective of this review was to determine the effect of type of indwelling urethral catheter on the risk of urinary tract infection in adults who undergo short\u2010term urinary catheterization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched the Specialized Trials Register of the Cochrane Incontinence Group (searched September 11, 2007). We also examined the bibliographies of relevant articles and contacted catheter manufacturer representatives for trials. All randomized and quasi\u2010randomized trials comparing types of indwelling urinary catheters for short\u2010term catheterization in hospitalized adults. Short\u2010term catheterization was defined as up to and including 14 days, or other temporary short\u2010term use as defined by the trialists (for example &lt;21 days with data time points at 7\u2010day intervals). Data were extracted by one reviewer and independently verified by a second reviewer for both the original review and for the update. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Data were processed as described in the Cochrane Handbook. Where data in trials were not fully reported, clarification was sought directly from the trialists (secondary sources were used to confirm results of one trial).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three trials met the inclusion criteria involving 5,236 hospitalized adults in 22 parallel group trials and 27,878 adults in one large cluster\u2010randomized cross\u2010over trial. The antiseptic catheters were either impregnated with silver oxide or silver alloy. Silver oxide catheters were not associated with a statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria in short\u2010term catheterized hospitalized adults but the confidence intervals were wide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68\u20131.15) and these catheters are no longer available. Silver alloy catheters were found to significantly reduce the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.43\u20130.67) in hospitalized adults catheterized for &lt;1 week. At &gt;1 week of catheterization the risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria was still reduced with the use of silver alloy catheters (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51\u20130.80). The randomized cross\u2010over trial of silver alloy catheters versus standard catheters was excluded from the pooled results because data were not available prior to crossover. The results of this trial indicated benefit from the silver alloy catheters and included an economic analysis that indicated cost savings of between 3.3% and 35.5%. Antibiotic impregnated catheters were compared to standard catheters and found to lower the rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the antibiotic group at &lt;1 week of catheterization for both minocycline and rifampicin combined (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18\u20130.73), and nitrofurazone (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34\u20130.78). However, at &gt;1 week the results were not statistically significant. One of 56 men in the antibiotic impregnated group had a symptomatic UTI compared with 6 of 68 who had standard catheters (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.03\u20131.63). Three trials compared two different types of standard catheters (defined as catheters that are not impregnated with antiseptics or antibiotics) to investigate infection. Individual trials were too small to show whether or not one type of standard catheter reduced the risk of catheter related urinary tract infection compared to another type of standard catheter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that the use of silver alloy indwelling catheters for catheterizing hospitalized adults short\u2010term reduces the risk of catheter acquired urinary tract infection. Further economic evaluation is required to confirm that the reduction of infection compensates for the increased cost of silver alloy catheters. Catheters impregnated with antibiotics are also beneficial in reducing bacteriuria in hospitalized adults catheterized for &lt;1 week but the data were too few to draw conclusions about those catheterized for longer. There was not enough evidence to suggest whether or not any standard catheter was better than another in terms of reducing the risk of urinary tract infection in hospitalized adults catheterized short\u2010term. Siliconized catheters may be less likely to cause urethral side effects in men; however, this result should be interpreted with some caution as the trials were small and the outcome definitions and specific catheters compared varied. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:738\u2013746, 2008, \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T18:06:57Z","timestamp":1224871617000},"page":"738-746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Types of urethral catheters for management of short\u2010term voiding problems in hospitalized adults: A short version cochrane review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Schumm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.B.L.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Surveillance of hospital\u2010acquired bacteraemia in English Hospitals","author":"Nosocomial Infection National Surveillance service","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"The socio\u2010economic burden of hospital acquired bloodstream infection","author":"Plowman R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.0938"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"477","volume-title":"Hospital infections","author":"Stamm WE","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/29.suppl_A.19","article-title":"Predominant pathogens in hospital infections","volume":"29","author":"Jarvis RJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Soc Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000125200.13430.8a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2000.03.14.27.46.c2794"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2001.03.15.25.39.c2993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00240-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"149\u201055","volume-title":"Making health care safer: A critical analysis of patient safety practices","author":"Saint S","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004013.pub3. References to studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"152","article-title":"Assessment of nosocomial urinary tract infections in orthopaedic patients: A prospective and comparative study using two different catheters","volume":"88","author":"Al Habdan I","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"405A","article-title":"Prospective study of incidence of urinary tract infection in patients catheterized with Bard hydrogel and silver\u2010coated catheters or Bard hydrogel\u2010coated catheters (Abstract number 769)","volume":"149","author":"Liedberg H","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","volume-title":"A report on the randomized, controlled clinical trial of the nitrofurazone\u2010impregnated, antibacterial, indwelling urinary catheter","author":"Maki DG","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-5-200709040-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92629-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"682","article-title":"A novel silver\u2010hydrogel\u2010impregnated indwelling urinary catheter reduces CAUTIs: A prospective double\u2010blind trial","volume":"1992","author":"Maki DG","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"499","article-title":"Essai controle d'un nouveau materiau pour enduire les sondes urnaires","volume":"31","author":"Chene G","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agressologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00288-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.5.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(65)90180-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1159\/000464046","article-title":"Refinements in the coating of urethral catheters reduces the incidence of catheter\u2010associated bacteriuria","volume":"17","author":"Liedberg T","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1990.tb14760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1985.tb06354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Incidence and importance of bacteriuria in postoperative, short\u2010term urinary catheterization","volume":"32","author":"Nickel JC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80313-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Clinical study on efficacy of a Foley catheter coated with silver\u2010protein in prevention of urinary tract infections","volume":"39","author":"Takeuchi H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1990.tb07203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1976.tb03023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000068005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.21.3294"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.17.2670"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnau.20645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.20645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T01:32:06Z","timestamp":1700530326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.20645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.20645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20645","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]}}}