{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:16:05Z","timestamp":1761765365370,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]],"date-time":"2010-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a previous study, we showed that the working mechanism of intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES) is probably mainly nerve mediated. But even after bladder decentralization, IVES can induce detrusor contraction. This study explores the effect of IVES in decentralized bladders and the importance of receptors in the bladder wall for a response on IVES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>IVES (10\u2009Hz square wave pulses, 20\u2009msec pulse duration, 6\u2009mA) was used in the bladder of 16 female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. After repeating IVES after consecutive bilateral bladder nerves section (L6\u2010roots, pelvic nerves, and major pelvic ganglion (MPG)), the bladders were mounted in a tissue bath. IVES was performed in the control (n\u2009=\u200916), after administration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (n\u2009=\u20096), after atropine and atropine with \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylATP (n\u2009=\u20096), and after \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylATP and \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylATP with atropine (n\u2009=\u20094). The IVES\u2010induced pressure rise (\u0394P) was recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximum \u0394P (max\u0394P) after transection of the MPG was significantly lower than after pelvic nerves transection. Treatment with TTX and with \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylATP plus atropine abolished \u0394P. Atropine alone gave an insignificant decrease of max\u0394P. Treatment with \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylATP alone reduced max\u0394P significantly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>IVES can evoke contractions in a decentralized bladder. IVES\u2010induced contractions are not a result of direct muscle stimulation, but are nerve mediated, involving intramural innervation and several parts of the bladder innervation. IVES\u2010evoked contraction can be divided in a, contraction duration determining, cholinergic part and a, contraction strength determining, purinergic part. The peripheral innervation could play a role in IVES treatment in patients with interrupted central reflex pathway. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:158\u2013162, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]],"date-time":"2010-09-21T12:41:32Z","timestamp":1285072892000},"page":"158-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the mechanisms of intravesical electrical stimulation in the in vitro rat whole bladder after treatment with atropine, \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylATP and tetrodotoxin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Filip","family":"De Bock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"De 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