{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:37:52Z","timestamp":1790534272999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The underlying pathology of radiation cystitis is cellular and vascular damage followed by increased fibrosis and inflammation. This study was to determine if neovascular\u2010promoting therapy could reduce the pathological changes in the bladder wall associated with pelvic irradiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult female Lewis inbred rats were irradiated with a single dose of 20\u2009Gy directed at their bladder. Four weeks later, 30 rats were divided equally into one of three treatment groups for bladder wall injection of: (1) PBS (Control); (2) PBS containing 50\u2009ng vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF<jats:sub>165<\/jats:sub>); or (3) PBS containing 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> rat endothelial cells (EC). Age\u2010matched non\u2010irradiated rats (n\u2009=\u200910) served as untreated controls. At either 1.5 or 3 months following radiation, bladders were analyzed for collagen deposition using Masson's Trichrome staining of collagen and muscle and vascularization using Von Willebrand factor staining of ECs. Quantitative\u2010PCR was used to examine markers of angiogenesis, hypoxia, and fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The collagen\/muscle ratio was doubled in the control group 3 months post\u2010irradiation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. non\u2010irradiated bladders). Both ECs and VEGF inhibited increases in collagen content (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. control). Similarly, irradiation reduced bladder wall vessel counts compared to non\u2010irradiated controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and both ECs and VEGF maintained vessel counts similar to that of non\u2010irradiated controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). PCR analysis showed a higher expression of neovascular markers (CD31, KDR) in the EC and VEGF groups compared to non\u2010irradiated controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiogenesis therapy may be useful in the prevention and\/or treatment of the underlying pathology of radiation cystitis. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:428\u2013434, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T14:29:24Z","timestamp":1288362564000},"page":"428-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Vascular therapy for radiation 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