{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:53:08Z","timestamp":1790707988240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies of overactive bladder (OAB) have shown urothelial\/suburothelial changes and increased bladder afferents, while in the brain the frontal micturition area that normally suppresses the bladder is deactivated. It has been unclear whether anticholinergic medication could reverse this suppression. To address this question, we performed a real\u2010time NIRS (near\u2010infrared spectroscopy)\u2010urodynamic study in OAB patients before and after the administration of an anticholinergic agent, tolterodine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 13 OAB patients in our outpatient clinic (9 males, 4 female; mean age 73 years). Before and after the administration of 4\u2009mg\/day tolterodine for 3 months, all patients completed the OAB\u2010symptom scale and a NIRS\u2010urodynamics examination. Cerebral changes in the oxy\u2010hemoglobin concentration (oxy\u2010Hb) were sampled. Concentration changes in oxy\u2010Hb were calculated based on a modified Beer\u2013Lambert approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tolterodine significantly reduced the OAB patients' nighttime frequency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and increased their first\u2010sensation volume (290\u2013359\u2009ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The number of patients with detrusor overactivity did not lessen significantly (11\u20139). The real\u2010time NIRS\u2010urodynamic study showed that, during slow bladder filling between start and bladder capacity, tolterodine significantly activated the right frontal micturition area of the OAB patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The activation was prominent in Brodmann's area 8, 9, 10 of the prefrontal cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tolterodine reduced bladder sensation together with a significant activation of the frontal micturition area of OAB patients, particularly Brodmann's area 8, 9, 10 of the right prefrontal cortex. This activation seems to be a secondary phenomenon, since tolterodine does not easily penetrate the blood\u2013brain barrier. <jats:italic>Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1110\u20131115, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T07:50:58Z","timestamp":1377762658000},"page":"1110-1115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tolterodine activates the prefrontal cortex during bladder filling in OAB patients: A real\u2010time NIRS\u2010urodynamics study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"family":"Sakakibara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Internal Medicine Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyuki","family":"Tateno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Internal Medicine Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sakura Medical Center Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology Unit Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology Unit Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Internal Medicine Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Internal Medicine Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Tsuyusaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Internal Medicine Sakura Medical Center, Toho University Sakura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chiba University Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Continence Center Dokkyo Medical College Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yamanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Continence Center Dokkyo Medical College Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Continence Center Dokkyo Medical College Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09R12FM"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23274-9_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-5672.2012.00156.x","article-title":"How the bladder senses? 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