{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:10:44Z","timestamp":1792098644752,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000883","name":"Brown Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Houston Methodist Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006988","name":"John S. Dunn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"TT & WF Chao Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The micturition reflex is initiated by urinary bladder distension triggering afferent pathways and activation of specific brain centers for controlling urine storage and release. We evaluated brain activation patterns using blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during reflexive micturition in normal and spinal cord injury (SCI) rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprague\u2010Dawley female rats, either intact or with complete spinal cord transection, were anesthetized with urethane for simultaneous isovolumetric cystometry (CMG) and fMRI evaluations. A 9.4\u2010Tesla MRI system with a 4\u2010elements receiver array and a quadrature volume transmit coil was used to maximize the sensitivity detection. Gradient echo\u2010planar imaging (EPI) was used to evaluate brain activation during CMG compared to the empty bladder condition. Group analysis was conducted with a cluster threshold of <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20092.5 and significance threshold of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The amplitude of bladder contractions was 10\u2010fold higher in control rats and inter\u2010contractile intervals were significantly shorter in SCI rats, indicative of neurogenic overactivity. Group analysis in intact rats showed both known and novel activation patterns in hippocampus, dentate gyrus, ectorhinal cortex, thalamic nucleus, septal nucleus, primary and secondary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and the periaqueductal gray matter. SCI rats did not exceed the <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010threshold during CMG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We standardized a suitable urodynamic protocol to study supraspinal activation during reflexive micturition using simultaneous CMG\/fMRI with high spatial resolution. Small contractions in SCI rats may be caused by increased excitability of afferent pathways without brain activation. Our results represent the first fMRI study in SCI rats. <jats:italic>Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:469\u2013474, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T10:27:00Z","timestamp":1395829620000},"page":"469-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Functional brain interactions during reflexive micturition are absent from spinal cord injured rats with neurogenic bladder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering TT &amp; WF Chao Center for BRAIN Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Houston Methodist Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Boone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Houston Methodist Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College Houston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Urology Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs\u2010Medical Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering TT &amp; WF Chao Center for BRAIN Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Houston Methodist Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College Houston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College Houston Texas"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-011-0221-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00185-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Modification of urinary bladder function after spinal cord injury","volume":"72","author":"de Groat WC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2011.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11587830-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488906775245264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00700.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(02)00027-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(02)00040-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201200214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227901"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnau.22596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.22596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T15:54:11Z","timestamp":1696607651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.22596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.22596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.22596","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]}}}