{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:47:40Z","timestamp":1791406060831,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Innervation of the pelvic ureter traditionally comes from the pelvic plexus. This innervation is independent: adrenergic and cholinergic. The purpose of this study was to describe more precisely the origin and nature of its innervation (adrenergic, cholinergic, nitrergic, and somatic).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six specimens of normal human fetal pelvis (four male and two female) from 20 to 30 weeks gestation were studied. The sections of these fetuses, carried out every 5\u2009\u00b5m without interval, were treated with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), with Masson's trichrome (TriM), immunolabeling of smooth muscle cells with smooth anti\u2010actin, of nerves with anti\u2010S100 protein, anti\u2010tyrosine hydroxylase, anti\u2010VAChT, anti\u2010nNOS, and with anti\u2010 peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP 22). The slides were scanned and two\u2010dimensional images reconstructed in 3D, and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The terminal pelvic ureter travels above and inside the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP). The nerve fibers that innervate the ureterovesical junction come mainly from the superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) which gives off the hypogastric nerves and pelvic branches of the sacral plexus that form the IHP. Most nerve fibers meet below the ureter, behind the bladder to form an ascending bundle, which innervates the pelvic ureter. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that the nerves of the pelvic ureter consist of adrenergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic fibers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The innervation of the distal ureter depends mainly on the SHP. This innervation is adrenergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic. It innervates the pelvic ureter in an ascending manner. This anatomical information can change rectal resection and ureteral reimplantation techniques and drug treatments for pelvic ureter stones. <jats:italic>Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:271\u2013279, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T13:19:49Z","timestamp":1446470389000},"page":"271-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Origin and nature of pelvic ureter innervation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Mazen","family":"Zaitouna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U1195, University Paris\u2010Sud, INSERM University Paris\u2010Saclay Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine University of Damascus Damascus Syria"},{"name":"Urology Department, G.H. 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