{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:00:54Z","timestamp":1789729254831,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low energy shock wave (LESW) is known to facilitate tissue regeneration with analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. We examined the effects of LESW on the expression of inflammatory molecules, pain behavior, and bladder function in a rat cystitis model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Control and experimental animals were injected with saline or cyclophosphamide (CYP; 75\u2009mg\/kg intraperitoneally) on day 1 and 4. After lower midline incision, the bladders were exposed to LESW (300 pulses, 0.12\u2009mJ\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) or sham operation on day 2. In study 1 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912, 4 for each group), the nociceptive effects of CYP were evaluated for 30\u2009min by behavioral assessment on day 4 one hour after CYP injection. In study 2 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921, 7 for each group), continuous cystometry (CMG) was performed on day 8. The bladder was harvested after behavioral assessment or CMG for histology and Western blotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CYP\u2010induced upregulation of COX2 and IL6 expression, caused pain behavior (eye closing and hypolocomotion), and bladder inflammation was noted on days 4 and 8 along with bladder hyperactivity. LESW treatment reduced pain behavior and downregulated the NGF expression (33.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) on day 4 and IL6 (40.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). LESW treatment suppressed bladder overactivity (intercontraction interval 77.8% increase, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) by decreasing inflammation and COX2 (38.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) expression and NGF expression (25.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0812).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CYP\u2010induced bladder pain, inflammation, and overactivity involves activation of IL6, NGF, and COX2 expression. These changes are suppressed by LESW, indicating it as a potential candidate for relieving bladder inflammatory conditions and overactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T05:42:49Z","timestamp":1483076569000},"page":"1440-1447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effects of low energy shock wave therapy on inflammatory moleculars, bladder pain, and bladder function in a rat cystitis model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hung\u2010Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"The Center of Excellence in Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Regeneration, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Chia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao\u2010Cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao\u2010Chi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"The Center of Excellence in Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Regeneration, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Chung Shan Medical University Institute of Medicine Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"26","author":"Wang CJ.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med 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