{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:34:03Z","timestamp":1793036043314,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,29]],"date-time":"2016-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56DK105097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56DK105097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity has been an independent risk factor for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the mechanism of this association remains unknown. The aim of this study is to validate the hypothesis that urethral dysfunction is a possible contributor to SUI in obese women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten Zucker Fatty (ZF) (ZUC\u2010Lepr<jats:sup>fa<\/jats:sup> 185) and 10 Zucker Lean (ZL) (ZUC\u2010Lepr<jats:sup>fa<\/jats:sup> 186) female rats at 12\u2010week\u2010old were used in this experiment. The urethral sphincter rings were harvested from the bladder neck through to the most proximal 2\/3 regions. In the organ bath study, single pulses of electrical field stimulation (EFS) were applied. For the fatiguing stimulation, repeated multi\u2010pulse EFS with 70\u2009mA were applied at frequency of 5\u2009Hz for 5\u2009min. Caffeine\u2010containing Krebs\u2019 solution was administrated to contract the urethra until the contraction began to reach a plateau for 10\u2009min. We performed immunofluorescence staining of the urethra after the experiment was finished.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to ZL controls, ZF rats had significantly impaired muscle contractile activity (MCA) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Also, ZF rats presented early fatiguing of MCA and had a significantly greater percentage of MCA decline from baseline in the fatiguing test (37.7% vs 25.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The plateau of maximal MCA induced by caffeine in ZF rats was significantly lower than ZL controls (0.22 vs 0.36, <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This novel study showed that obese female rats had significantly impaired contractile properties of striated urethral sphincter, suggesting urethral dysfunction could be an important contributor to SUI in obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,29]],"date-time":"2016-10-29T09:42:42Z","timestamp":1477734162000},"page":"1503-1510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Impaired contractility of the circular striated urethral sphincter muscle may contribute to stress urinary incontinence in female zucker fatty rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yung\u2010Chin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Reed\u2010Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Urology The First Hospital of Jilin University Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Banie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom F.","family":"Lue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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