{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T02:23:04Z","timestamp":1771899784704,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the urinary incontinence observed in adult <jats:italic>Gli2<jats:sup>+\/<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> female mice and identify the defects underlying the condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Gli2<jats:sup>+\/<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> and <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> mice were crossed to generate: wild\u2010type, mutant Gli2 (<jats:italic>Gli2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>), mutant Gli3 (<jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup>), and double mutant (<jats:italic>Gli2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup>) female mice, verified via Polymerase Chain Reactions. Bladder functional studies including cystometrogram (CMG), leak point pressure (LPP), and voiding testing were performed on adult female mice. Female bladders and urethras were also analyzed via ink injection and histological assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>CMG tracing showed no signal corresponding to the filling of the <jats:italic>Gli2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> bladders. LPP were significantly reduced in <jats:italic>Gli2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> mice compared to wild\u2010type mice. CMG studies revealed a decrease in peak micturition pressure values in <jats:italic>Gli2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> mice compared with all other groups. No significant differences between mutant and wild\u2010type mice were detected in urinary output. Histological analyses revealed <jats:italic>Gli2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> mice exhibited a widened urethra and a decrease in smooth muscle layer thickness in the bladder outlet and urethra, with increased mucosal folding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Gli2<jats:sup>+\/<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>Gli3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u0394699\/+<\/jats:sup> adult female mice display persistent urinary incontinence due to the malformation of the bladder outlet and urethra. This presents a consistent and reliable genetic mouse model for female urinary incontinence and alludes to the key role of genetic factors involved in the condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T09:29:27Z","timestamp":1488274167000},"page":"1981-1987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A genetic female mouse model with congenital genitourinary anomalies and adult stages of urinary incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Pedram","family":"Akbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental &amp; Stem Cell Biology Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Fathollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical College New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental &amp; Stem Cell Biology Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kavran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Episalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington, DC Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Chung","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental &amp; Stem Cell Biology Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid A.","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental &amp; Stem Cell Biology Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adonis K.","family":"Hijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Urology Institute Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000137874.84862.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"S2","article-title":"The prevalence of urinary incontinence","volume":"3","author":"Nitti VW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16499-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61747-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.039768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(00)90014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.9.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000079492.09716.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01182-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.042291"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e32833a4436"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2015.0343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.3.648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00187.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.05.001"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnau.23230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.23230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T02:55:47Z","timestamp":1696042547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.23230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.23230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]}}}