{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:36:19Z","timestamp":1768916179697,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\u00b0 ANR\u201010\u2010LABX\u201020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0 ANR\u201010\u2010LABX\u201020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assesses the potential of epispinal (subdural) stimulation application in the treatment of urinary and bowel neurological disorders. Acute experiments were performed on a large animal model \u2014 the domestic pig \u2014 to develop a new methodology facilitating future results and technology transfers to human.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After rectal and bladder catheterization, four Landrace pigs (45\u201050\u2009kg) underwent spinal cord surgery \u2014 that is, lumbosacral incision, laminectomy [L4\u2010S4], dural opening and microsurgical arachnoid dissection. Three successive electrical stimulation sessions were carried out: 1) nerve roots stimulation, 2) epispinal stimulation with a matrix electrode, 3) epispinal stimulation with a small diameter needle electrode. Changes in rectal and bladder pressures were monitored throughout the various procedures to identify spinal areas inducing responses while evaluating the influence of electrode contacts size in the measured responses amplitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An interesting area was identified in the upper portion of the spinal myelomeres (ie, spinal cord segment delimited by two successive pairs of spinal roots) directly adjoining root with best pressures (either rectal or vesical). Significant responses (up to 40\u2009cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) were also obtained with a needle electrode. Furthermore, bowel evacuation was triggered in one of the animals. Despite the use of smaller electrode contacts, no detrusor or rectum selective responses were observed in none of the sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed, for the first time, that epispinal stimulation causes significant detrusor and rectal responses in pigs and allows considering further studies with the objective of treating urinary and rectal disorders in spinal cord injury patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T10:42:57Z","timestamp":1497264177000},"page":"138-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Impact of direct epispinal stimulation on bladder and bowel functions in pigs: A feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8763-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Guiho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRMM University of Montpellier Montpellier France"},{"name":"INRIA CAMIN Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Delleci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pellegrin Hospital Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Azevedo\u2010Coste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA CAMIN Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fattal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Ch\u00e2taigneraie Rehabilitation Center Menucourt France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Guiraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA CAMIN Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Rodolphe","family":"Vignes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pellegrin Hospital Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Bauchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1994.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Dorsal rhizotomy combined with anterior sacral root stimulation for neurogenic bladder","volume":"97","author":"Vignes J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of hyperactive bladder in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"47","author":"Bauchet L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.486056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53815-4.00004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)93030-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60547-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2016.6034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Morphological aspects of the female pig bladder neck and urethra: quantitative analysis using computer assisted 3\u2010Dimensional reconstructions","volume":"165","author":"Dass N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811402846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)13043-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0286-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Studies on the feasibility of urinary bladder evacuation by direct spinal cord stimulation. 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