{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T16:22:37Z","timestamp":1768580557521,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK103534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK103534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008237","name":"Department of Surgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Denervation of the bladder is a detrimental consequence of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). We have previously shown that, during BOO, inflammation triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome in the urothelia mediates physiological bladder dysfunction and downstream fibrosis in rats. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of NLRP3\u2010mediated inflammation on bladder denervation during BOO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were five groups of rats: (i) Control (no surgery); (ii) Sham\u2010operated; (iii) BOO rats given vehicle; (iv) BOO rats given the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide; and (v) BOO rats given the IL\u20101 receptor antagonist anakinra. BOO was constructed by ligating the urethra over a 1\u2009mm catheter and removing the catheter. Medications were given prior to surgery and once daily for 12 days. Bladder sections were stained for PGP9.5, a pan\u2010neuronal marker. Whole transverse sections were used to identify and count nerves while assessing cross\u2010sectional area. For in vitro studies, pelvic ganglion neurons were isolated and treated with IL\u20101\u03b2. After a 48\u2009h incubation apoptosis, neurite length and branching were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In obstructed bladders, the number of nerves decreased while total area increased, indicating a loss of cell number and\/or branching. The decrease in nerve density was blocked by glyburide or anakinra, clearly implicating the NLRP3 pathway in denervation. In vitro analysis demonstrated that IL\u20101\u03b2, a product of the inflammasome, induced apoptosis in pelvic ganglion neurons, suggesting one mechanism of BOO\u2010induced denervation is NLRP3\/IL\u20101\u03b2 triggered apoptosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The NLRP3\/IL\u20101\u03b2\u2010mediated inflammation pathway plays a significant role in denervation during BOO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T13:28:42Z","timestamp":1507296522000},"page":"952-959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["NLRP3\/IL\u20101\u03b2 mediates denervation during bladder outlet obstruction in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"L\u00fctolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Surgery, Department of Urology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3776-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Francis M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Department of Urology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Inouye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Department of Urology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Department of Urology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"McMains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena S.","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8469-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna L.","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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