{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:57:05Z","timestamp":1790517425531,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547856000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK088836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK088836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201012\u20101\u20100565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201012\u20101\u20100565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated whether spinal cord microglia are involved in colon\u2010to\u2010bladder neural crosstalk in a rat model of colitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult female SD rats were divided into A) control, B) colitis, and C) colitis\u2009+\u2009minocycline groups. Experimental colitis was induced by administering 50% trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid into the distal colon in the colitis group and the minocycline group. Minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, was continuously infused into the intrathecal space in the minocycline group. The following investigations were performed on day 7: (1) continuous cystometry (CMG) in an awake condition; (2) nociceptive behavior observation induced by intravesical instillation of resiniferatoxin; (3) toluidine blue staining in the bladder; (4) Immunofluorescence staining for the microglial marker, CD11b, in L6 spinal cord sections; and (5) quantitative RT\u2010PCR to investigate <jats:italic>interleukin\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>chemokine ligand 3<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CCL3<\/jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>) gene expression in the L6 spinal cord.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison with the control group, the colitis group showed significant increases in (1) micturition frequency during cystometry; (2) resiniferatoxin\u2010induced freezing behavior (bladder pain); (3) the number of total and degranulated mast cells in the bladder; (4) the number of microglia in the L6 spinal cord, and (5) the expression of <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CCL3<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic> mRNA in the L6 spinal cord. Moreover, intrathecal administration of minocycline alleviated these pathophysiological findings caused by experimental colitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal microglia may play an important role in colitis\u2010induced bladder overactivity and enhanced bladder pain sensitivity in colitis rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T11:08:22Z","timestamp":1516360102000},"page":"1320-1328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Role of microglia in the spinal cord in colon\u2010to\u2010bladder neural crosstalk in a rat model of colitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-9041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Majima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya 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