{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:30:58Z","timestamp":1787783458102,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK098361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK098361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK101719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK101719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Storage phase bladder activity is a counter\u2010intuitive observation of spontaneous contractions. They are potentially an intrinsic feature of the smooth muscle, but interstitial cells in the mucosa and the detrusor itself, as well as other muscular elements in the mucosa may substantially influence them. They are identified in several models explaining lower urinary tract dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A consensus meeting at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI\u2010RS) 2017 congress considered the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions by debating which cell type(s) modulate bladder spontaneous activity, whether the methodologies are sufficiently robust, and implications for healthy and abnormal lower urinary tract function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identified research priorities reflect a wide range of unknown aspects. Cellular contributions to spontaneous contractions in detrusor smooth muscle are still uncertain. Accordingly, insight into the cellular physiology of the bladder wall, particularly smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells, and urothelium, remains important. Upstream influences, such as innervation, endocrine, and paracrine factors, are particularly important. The cellular interactions represent the key understanding to derive the integrative physiology of organ function, notably the nature of signalling between mucosa and detrusor layers. Indeed, it is still not clear to what extent spontaneous contractions generated in isolated preparations mirror their normal and pathological counterparts in the intact bladder. Improved models of how spontaneous contractions influence pressure generation and sensory nerve function are also needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deriving approaches to robust evaluation of spontaneous contractions and their influences for experimental and clinical use could yield considerable progress in functional urology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T13:32:52Z","timestamp":1516714372000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["What are the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions? ICI\u2010RS 2017"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus J.","family":"Drake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"},{"name":"Bristol Urological Institute Southmead Hospital Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Hashitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Kirschner\u2010Hermanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Urology\/Urology, University Clinic Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn and Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godesh\u00f6he Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1953-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Rahnama'i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John E.","family":"Speich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Tomoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4780-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen D.","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930120504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05549-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.273.1.C110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.04.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.065136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04356.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00595686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5049fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1516fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90315.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00436.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aap.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-13-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01637-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.113.207340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2013.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"e51807","article-title":"Bladder smooth muscle strip contractility as a method to evaluate lower urinary tract pharmacology","volume":"90","author":"Kullmann FA","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000146272.80848.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.067934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.02.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000069722.35137.e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00278.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201511550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.224.3.618","article-title":"Viscoplasticity of smooth muscle of urinary bladder","volume":"224","author":"Alexander RS","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00633.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00418.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01079.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00298.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00111.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","first-page":"1768","article-title":"Overactivity and structural changes in the chronically ischemic bladder","volume":"162","author":"Azadzoi KM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Urol"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnau.23485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.23485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T21:19:21Z","timestamp":1694985561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.23485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.23485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23485","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]}}}