{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:41:27Z","timestamp":1747150887577,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Industry-academy cooperation plan of Feng Yuan Hospital and Central Taiwan University","award":["FYH1050707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FYH1050707"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high number of patients with interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome (IC\/PBS) have a history of pelvic surgeries, and cesarean section is one of the most common pelvic surgeries in women. This study aimed to investigate if cesarean section increases the risk of IC\/PBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who exclusively gave birth through cesarean section or vaginal delivery were identified from a nationwide database between 2002 and 2013. All were followed up during the study period to detect the event of IC\/PBS. The IC\/PBS hazard ratio (HR) in the cesarean cohort was compared with the vaginal delivery cohort with and without matching for confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unmatched group included 22\u2009158 cesarean deliveries and 40\u2009214 vaginal deliveries. The IC\/PBS HR in the cesarean cohort compared with that in the vaginal delivery cohort was 1.370 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.903\u20102.079; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.139). In the matched group, 8368 women were matched in each cesarean and vaginal delivery cohort using propensity scores for age and comorbidities. The IC\/PBS HR was 0.725 (95%CI, 0.358\u20101.471; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.373). Both HRs in these two groups were not significantly different. The incidence density of IC\/PBS in delivered women, non\u2010delivery women, and the general female population were not significantly different either (0.310, 0.255, and 0.292 per 1000 person\u2010years, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.549).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of IC\/PBS was not different between cesarean and vaginal delivery after controlling the confounding factors in this cohort study. Cesarean section has no causal effect on IC\/BPS. Furthermore, delivery was not a risk factor for IC\/PBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T06:22:21Z","timestamp":1525242141000},"page":"2638-2644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Will cesarean section increase the risk of interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kun\u2010Min","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feng Yuan Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare Taichung Taiwan Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Republic of 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