{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:41:22Z","timestamp":1765827682606,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS070267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS070267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess bladder smooth muscle function and innervation after long\u2010term lower spinal root transection in canines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen female mixed\u2010breed hound dogs underwent bladder decentralization, which included transection of all sacral dorsal and ventral roots caudal to L7 and hypogastric nerves, bilaterally (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093); all sacral roots and hypogastric nerves plus transection of L7 dorsal roots, bilaterally (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094); or a sham operation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). At a year after initial surgery, bladder function was assessed in vivo by stimulation of the pelvic plexus. The bladder tissue was harvested for ex vivo smooth muscle contractility studies. Remaining bladder was evaluated for nerve morphology immunohistochemically using neuronal marker PGP9.5, apoptotic activity using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and histopathology using a hematoxylin and eosin stain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sacral root decentralization did not reduce maximum strength of pelvic plexus stimulation\u2010induced bladder contraction, although long\u2010term sacral dorsal and ventral root plus L7 dorsal root transection significantly decreased contraction strength. Electric field stimulation\u2010induced contractions of the detrusor from all decentralized animals were preserved, compared to controls. Viable nerves and intramural ganglia were visualized in the bladder wall, regardless of group. There was no difference in amount of apoptosis in bladder smooth muscle between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bladder smooth muscle cells maintain their function after long\u2010term bladder decentralization. While pelvic plexus\u2010induced bladder contractions were less robust at 1 year after lower spinal root transection, the absence of atrophy and preservation of at least some nerve activity may allow for successful surgical reinnervation after long\u2010term injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1531994589000},"page":"2495-2501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Determining integrity of bladder innervation and smooth muscle function 1 year after lower spinal root transection in canines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1641-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Salvadeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekta","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagat","family":"Frara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mazzei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University Hospital Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Braverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Sr","given":"Michael R.","family":"Ruggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0691-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/816274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.6.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0780-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506075651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Physiology and management of bladder and bowel continence following spinal cord injury","volume":"53","author":"Francis K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.07.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"R1157","article-title":"Changes in bladder and external urethral sphincter function after spinal cord injury in the rat","volume":"264","author":"Kruse MN","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clarification of the innervation of the bladder, external urethral sphincter and clitoris: a neuronal tracing study in female mongrel hound dogs","author":"Barbe MF","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anat Rec. 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