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This study aims to utilize an intra\u2010rectal high\u2010density surface electromyogram (HD\u2010sEMG) recording and advanced HD\u2010sEMG decomposition technique to characterize the effects of aging on the asymmetry of EAS functional innervation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HD\u2010sEMG signals were recorded intra\u2010rectally from six healthy young and seven healthy elderly women during voluntary contractions of the EAS. EMG signals were decomposed into constituent motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) and the innervation zone of each decomposed motor unit was identified. Asymmetry index (AI) was defined and calculated for all subjects. The maximum squeezing pressures of the EAS were also measured for all subjects as a comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HD\u2010sEMG decomposition and AI calculation were successfully performed from EMG data acquired from all the subjects. The AI values were 28.7\u2009\u00b1\u200917.0% for the young group and 55.6\u2009\u00b1\u200918.8% for the elderly group. The AI and EAS contraction strength were found to be negatively correlated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A two\u2010tailed student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test demonstrated a significant increase in AI with age by comparison between two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our work demonstrates, for the first time, that EAS functional innervation tends to become increasingly asymmetrical with advancing age, and this increase is associated with a compromised anorectal function. Results suggest that the intra\u2010rectal HD\u2010sEMG will serve as an advanced tool for assessing and monitoring the anorectal neuromuscular function minimally invasively under different pathophysiological conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T02:18:19Z","timestamp":1535595499000},"page":"2544-2550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Innervation asymmetry of the external anal sphincter in aging characterized from high\u2010density intra\u2010rectal surface EMG recordings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston 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