{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1786978246510,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK106181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK106181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome\/(IC\/PBS) results in recurring pain in the bladder and surrounding pelvic region caused by abnormal excitability of micturition reflexes. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is currently clinically used for the attenuation of neuropathic and visceral pain. The present study examined whether SCS at upper lumbar segments modulates detrusor overactivity and visceral hyperalgesia associated with cystitis in a rat model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)\u2010induced cystitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cystitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CYP (200\u2009mg\/kg) in six adult female Sprague Dawley rats 48\u2009h prior to urodynamic recordings. Another six rats served as\u2014controls with saline injection. Cystometry and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography during bladder infusion were evaluated under urethane anesthesia. The visceromotor reflexes (VMR) obtained from the external abdominal oblique muscle were quantified during bladder infusion and isotonic bladder distension (IBD), respectively. After baseline recordings were taken, SCS was applied on the dorsal surface of L3 for 25\u2009min. Urodynamic recordings and VMR during bladder infusion and IBD were repeated 2\u2009h after SCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CYP resulted in detrusor overactivity, stronger EUS tonic contractions, and increased VMR. SCS significantly reduced non\u2010voiding contractions, prolonged EUS relaxation, and delayed VMR appearance during bladder infusion as well as significantly decreased VMR during IBD in cystitis rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SCS improved bladder function and EUS relaxation during bladder infusion and significantly attenuated visceral nociceptive\u2010related VMR during IBD in cystitis rats. SCS may have therapeutic potential for patients with hyperalgesia and IC\/PBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T06:36:05Z","timestamp":1541745365000},"page":"116-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spinal cord stimulation ameliorates detrusor over\u2010activity and visceromotor pain responses in rats with cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyi H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California Irvine Irvine California"},{"name":"Reeve\u2010Irvine Research Center University of California Irvine Irvine 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