{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T09:54:09Z","timestamp":1775987649917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of an oral immunomodulation therapy with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> fractions on the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) in a retrospective cohort study with a follow\u2010up of 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient database of a tertiary urologic referral center was screened for patients with chronic (&gt;12 months) SCI who were taking a lyophilized lysate of 18 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains from 2008 to 2016. Patient characteristics, annual number of patient\u2010reported UTIs and urine culture results were collected. The change in the number of UTIs, categorized as no UTIs, sporadic UTIs (1\u20102\/year) and recurrent UTIs (\u22653\/year), from before to during immunomodulation therapy was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of different possible confounders (eg, age, duration of SCI, use of catheters, and concurrent antibiotic treatment) was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data of 136 individuals with a mean age of 49\u2009\u00b1\u200914 years and a median time since SCI of 18 (15\u201022) years were analyzed. The proportion of patients with recurrent UTIs decreased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) from 93.4% (87.8\u201096.9%) to 59.6% (50.8\u201067.9%) during immunomodulation therapy, whereas the proportion of patients without UTIs increased significantly (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.0001) from 2.2% (0.5\u20106.3%) to 20.6% (14.1\u201028.4%). The investigated confounders had no significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.15) effect on the outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral immunomodulation therapy with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> fractions resulted in a significant and clinically relevant decrease in the frequency of UTIs in patients with SCI and thus, seems to be a promising option for the prevention of UTIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T12:52:40Z","timestamp":1540299160000},"page":"346-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of oral immunomodulation therapy on urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury\u2014A retrospective cohort 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