{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:58:35Z","timestamp":1781931515996,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007350","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["183446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["183446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze, in female rats, the anatomical and histological features of the urethra and its relationship with the vagina and clitoris, and its innervation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen adult female Wistar rats were used. Gross anatomy and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) histochemistry were performed to describe the urethral features, adjacent structures, and innervation. The histomorphometric characteristics of the urethra were determined in transversal, longitudinal, or coronal sections stained with Masson's Trichrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The female rat urethra is not a homogeneous tubular organ. The pre\u2010pelvic and pelvic regions are firmly attached to the vagina with belt\u2010like striated fibers forming a urethra\u2010vaginal complex. The bulbar regions have curved segments and a narrow lumen. The clitoral region is characterized by a urethra\u2010clitoral complex surrounded by a vascular plexus. The lumen area and thickness of the urethral layers significantly varied between regions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Innervation of the urethra arrives from the major pelvic ganglion, the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC), and the motor branch of the sacral plexus (MBSP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential tissular composition of the urethra may underlie urinary continence and voiding dysfunction through different physiological mechanisms. The urethra\u2010vagina complex seems to be the main site controlling urinary continence through active muscular mechanisms, while the bulbar urethra provides passive mechanisms and the urethra\u2010clitoris complex seems to be crucial for distal urethral closure by means of a periurethral vascular network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T11:17:09Z","timestamp":1550575029000},"page":"893-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Urethral regions with differential tissular composition may underlie urinary continence and voiding function in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Nancy","family":"Mirto\u2010Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Tlaxcala M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5726-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario del Norte Universidad de Guadalajara Colotl\u00e1n Jalisco M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0448-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 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