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EUS and EAS function was determined at baseline, and immediately and 4 weeks after SBI, using leak point pressure (LPP) and anorectal manometry (ARM), respectively. Operational L\n<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> was compared to species\u2010specific optimal L\n<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> using one sample Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test. Data (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) were compared between groups and time points using repeated measures one\u2010way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc pairwise comparisons, with significance set to 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The operational resting L<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> of both sphincters (EUS: 2.09 \u00b1 0.07\u2009\u00b5m, EAS: 2.02 \u00b1 0.03\u2009\u00b5m) was significantly shorter than optimal rat L<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> of 2.4\u2009\u00b5m. Strains imposed on EUS and EAS during SBI resulted in significant sarcomere elongation and disruption, compared with the controls (EUS: 3.09 \u00b1 0.11\u2009\u00b5m, EAS: 3.37 \u00b1 0.09\u2009\u00b5m). Paralleling structural changes, LPP and ARM measures were significantly lower immediately (LPP: 21.5 \u00b1 1.0 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, ARM: 5.1 \u00b1 2.31 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) and 4 weeks (LPP: 27.7 \u00b1 1.3cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, ARM: 2.5 \u00b1 1.0 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) after SBI relative to the baseline (LPP: 43.4 \u00b1 8.5 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, ARM: 8.2 \u00b1 2.0 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analogous to humans, the short resting L<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> of rat EUS and EAS favors their sphincteric function. The insult experienced by these muscles during parturition leads to sarcomere hyperelongation, myofibrillar disruption, and dysfunction of the sphincters long\u2010term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1550574443000},"page":"912-919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanical impact of parturition\u2010related strains on rat pelvic striated sphincters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Duran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine University of California San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of 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