{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:05:37Z","timestamp":1771614337083,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585958400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201015\u2010C\u20100066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201015\u2010C\u20100066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To validate the functionality of an implantable pudendal nerve stimulator under development for Food and Drug Administration approval to restore bladder function after spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In nine cats under anesthesia, two tripolar cuff electrodes were implanted bilaterally on the pudendal nerves and one bipolar cuff electrode was implanted on the right pudendal nerve central to the tripolar cuff electrode. The pudendal nerve stimulator was implanted subcutaneously on the left lower back along the lumbosacral spine and connected to the cuff electrodes. In five cats, a double lumen catheter was inserted into the bladder through the urethra to infuse saline and measure bladder pressure and another catheter was inserted into the distal urethra to perfuse and measure the back pressure caused by urethral contraction. In four cats, a bladder catheter was inserted into the bladder dome and the urethra was left open so that voiding could occur without urethral outlet obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The implantable pudendal nerve stimulator was controlled wirelessly and successfully provided the required stimulation waveforms to different cuff electrodes. Pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) at 5\u2009Hz increased bladder capacity to about 200% of control capacity. PNS at 20 to 30\u2009Hz induced large (80\u2010100 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) bladder contractions under isovolumetric conditions. When combined with ipsilateral or bilateral pudendal nerve block induced by 6 to 10\u2009kHz stimulation, PNS at 20 to 30\u2009Hz elicited low pressure (&lt;40 cmH\n<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) efficient (70%) voiding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The implantable stimulator generated the required stimulation waveforms and successfully induced low pressure efficient voiding in anesthetized cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T17:25:24Z","timestamp":1554398724000},"page":"1241-1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Low pressure voiding induced by a novel implantable pudendal nerve stimulator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Haotian","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh 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