{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:38:02Z","timestamp":1761766682226,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008492","name":"Swiss Continence Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#3200B_149628\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#3200B_149628\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessing the reliability of electrical pain threshold (PT) and evaluating the impact of stimulation frequency at different locations in the healthy lower urinary tract (LUT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety subjects (age: 18.3\u201035.8 years, 40 females, 50 males) were randomly allocated to one stimulation site (bladder dome [BD], trigone, proximal, membranous (only males), or distal urethra). Using 0.5\u2009Hz\/1.1\u2009Hz\/1.6\u2009Hz electrical stimulation (square wave, pulse width:1\u2009ms), current perception thresholds (CPTs), PTs and tolerance thresholds were assessed at two visits. Analyses were performed using linear mixed models, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland\u2010Altman method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTs vary in relation to stimulation frequency, location and between genders. PT decreased with higher stimulation frequency. The highest PTs were measured at the BD\u00a0and membranous urethra with males reporting higher PTs than females. Reliability of PT assessments according to ICC was good to excellent across all frequencies, locations, and genders (ICC\u2009=\u20090.61\u20100.97), except for BD and distal urethra in females showing poor to fair reliability (BD: all frequencies, distal urethra: 0.5\u2009Hz).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTs can be safely and reliably assessed from bladder and urethral locations. Semi\u2010objective PT assessment may provide additional information on functionality and sensitivity of the LUT slow fiber afferents and complement findings from urodynamic investigations and CPT assessments. In conclusion, the developed methodology may open new opportunities for using electrical stimulation paradigms for LUT PT assessments and diagnostics. All this allows a more precise, location\u2010specific characterization of pain origin and pain reaction towards therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T18:09:58Z","timestamp":1576001398000},"page":"420-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quantitative electrical pain threshold assessment in the lower urinary tract"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2688-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"van der Lely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital, University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina D.","family":"Liechti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital, University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9868-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas M.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medignition Inc., Research Consultants Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital, University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital, University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e32834f6ec9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199702)20:2<198::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65604-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.05.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217503","article-title":"Does electrical stimulation in the lower urinary tract increase urine production? 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