{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1786978246263,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140664\/2019\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140664\/2019\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) assessment by unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation. As a secondary aim, evaluate the construct validity of vaginal palpation and a manometer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 120 women were recruited and allocated into three groups according to age (group 1 [G1]: 18\u201035; G2: 36\u201059; G3: \u226560 years). Examiner A conducted an interview and examiners B and C performed evaluations of PFM function using both unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation. Seven to 10 days later, examiner B repeated both types of vaginal palpation and measured the MVC pressure with a Peritron. Reliability was analyzed using Cohen's linear weighted Kappa (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). The construct validity was calculated using the Spearman's correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intra\u2010rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation was\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.58 in G1,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.59 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.73 in G2, and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.79 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.86 in G3, respectively. Inter\u2010rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation was\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.52 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.48 in G1,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.47 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.52 in G2, and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.50 and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.64 in G3, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients were significant at\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.79 and\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.80 for unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unidigital\u00a0or bidigital vaginal palpation were indicated to evaluate G1 and G2 but bidigital palpation was more reliable in G3 when two examiners performed the evaluation. For the assessment conducted by one examiner, unidigital palpation was more reliable in G1 while bidigital palpation was more reliable in G2 and G3. Both unidigital and bidigital palpation have high measures of validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T10:08:17Z","timestamp":1577182097000},"page":"721-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["\u201cComparative intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability of maximal voluntary contraction with unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation and construct validity with Peritron manometer\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9867-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordana B. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos  S\u00e3o Carlos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana O.","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Physical Therapy and Ergonomics Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos  S\u00e3o Carlos S\u00e3o\u00a0Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P. 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