{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T17:48:26Z","timestamp":1784224106985,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["More knowledge with Less Animals Project No. 11402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["More knowledge with Less Animals Project No. 11402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform a systematic review summarizing the knowledge of genetic variants, gene, and protein expression changes in humans and animals associated with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and to provide an overview of the known molecular mechanisms related to UUI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search was performed on March 2, 2020, in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. Retrieved studies were screened for eligibility. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS\u2010I (human) and SYRCLE (animal) tool. Data were presented in a structured manner and in the case of\u00a0greater than five studies on a homogeneous outcome, a meta\u2010analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether, a total of 10,785 records were screened of which 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. Notably, 24\/37 studies scored medium\u2010high to high on risk of bias, affecting the value of the included studies. The analysis of 70 unique genes and proteins and three genome\u2010wide association studies\u00a0showed that specific signal transduction pathways and inflammation are associated with UUI. A meta\u2010analysis on the predictive value of urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) levels showed that increased urinary NGF levels correlate with UUI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The collective evidence showed the involvement of two molecular mechanisms (signal transduction and inflammation) and NGF in UUI, enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of UUI. Unfortunately, the risk of bias was medium\u2010high to high for most studies and the value of many observations remains unclear. Future studies should focus on elucidating how deficits in the two identified molecular mechanisms contribute to UUI and should avoid bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T12:30:24Z","timestamp":1600518624000},"page":"2089-2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genetic variants and expression changes in urgency urinary incontinence: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilke M.","family":"Post","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7619-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra M.","family":"Ruiz\u2010Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8750-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilde","family":"Grens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob B. 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