{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:41:03Z","timestamp":1792176063060,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has successfully treated patients with functional urinary and\/or bowel disorders for more than two decades. Historically, patients with the InterStim\u00a0system (Medtronic) were contraindicated for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. In 2012, Medtronic obtained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for allowing 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI head scans. In September 2019, the Axonics System\u00a0(Axonics) received FDA approval for 1.5\u2009T full\u2010body MR Conditional labeling and then 3\u2009T full\u2010body MR Conditional labeling in July 2020. In August 2020, Medtronic received 1.5\u00a0and 3\u2009T full\u2010body MR Conditional labeling from the FDA for their new SNM systems (InterStim II and Micro devices with SureScan\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0leads). With the advancements in MRI technology and availability of full\u2010body MRI eligible SNM systems, it is important for physicians to better understand MRI safety for these systems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper explains the fundamentals of MRI physics, its interactions with active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), the subsequent potential safety hazards with emphasis on radio frequency (RF)\u2010related safety, and the risks associated with \u201cOff\u2010label\u201d scans, including abandoned and broken leads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI guidelines provided by the AIMD device manufacturer should be followed to ensure MRI scan safety and avoid any unnecessary risk to patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI guidelines provided by the device manufacturer are the best resource for guidance for performing safe MRI scanning. Specific conditions should be fully understood and generalizations on MRI safety claims based on partial analysis or case studies should be avoided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T14:32:53Z","timestamp":1630938773000},"page":"1862-1868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging interactions with a sacral neuromodulation system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-4161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuechen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Axonics\u00a0Inc.  Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6982-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangqiang (Jay)","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axonics\u00a0Inc.  Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"2018 Nuclear Medicine Benchmark Report. IMV Medical Information Division.\u00a0Accessed October 10 2020.\u00a0https:\/\/imvinfo.com\/product\/2018-nuclear-medicine-benchmark-report\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Medtronic InterStim MRI Guidelines. Medtronic website.\u00a0Accessed February 16 2021.\u00a0http:\/\/manuals.medtronic.com\/content\/dam\/emanuals\/neuro\/M980291A_a_016_view_color.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Standard Practice for Marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Environment","author":"ASTM F2503\u201020","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Medical Electrical Equipment\u2014Part 2\u201033: Particular Requirements for the Basic Safety and Essential Performance of Magnetic Resonance Equipment for Medical Diagnosis","author":"IEC 60601\u20102\u201033:2015.\u00a0","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"White Paper: 3T Labeling\u2010B1+RMS. Medtronic Website.\u00a0Accessed November 11 2020.\u00a0https:\/\/www.medtronic.com\/content\/dam\/medtronic-com\/mri-surescan\/documents\/04jan2017\/B1%2BRMS-labeling.pdf. 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Determination of in\u2010vivo temperature rise and gradient induced voltage during MRI of cut sacral neuromodulation leads. Paper #1372 presented at: International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; May 10 2014; Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"YaoA GorenT SamarasT et al. Radiofrequency\u2010induced heating of broken damaged and abandoned leads. 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