{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T09:17:39Z","timestamp":1785489459805,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of hydrodistension in the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS) is controversial. This study evaluated the effect of low\u2010pressure hydrodistension on glomerulation formation in female patients diagnosed with the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty female patients with the clinical diagnosis of IC\/BPS and 30 female controls without the disease underwent cystoscopy and hydrodistension. Cold\u2010cup biopsy was taken from bladder posterior wall at sites with normal cystoscopic appearance before hydrodistension in the IC\/BPS group. The tissue samples were processed for histology study. Low\u2010pressure (40\u2009cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) hydrodistension for 2\u2009min was performed and the appearance of glomerulations was compared between the two groups. High\u2010pressure (80\u2009cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) hydrodistension for 8\u2009min was then performed as a therapeutic measure for the IC\/BPS patients. Further changes to the degree of glomerulations were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histology showed pathological changes in the normal\u2010appearing IC\/BPS bladder mucosa including urothelium denudation, inflammatory cell infiltration, stromal edema, fibrosis, and vascular congestion. Low\u2010pressure hydrodistension induced significant glomerulation formation in the patient group (percentage of patients with Grades 0\u20134: 0%, 8.3%, 40%, 35%, 10%, respectively) while none in the controls. High\u2010pressure hydrodistension further increased the glomerulation grading in the IC\/BPS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Structural changes are present in prehydrodistension IC\/BPS bladder wall, which may not be macroscopically detectable. Hydrodistension at low pressure is adequate to disrupt the integrity of such diseased mucosa and offers a more discriminative test in the diagnosis of IC\/BPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T15:47:32Z","timestamp":1633967252000},"page":"296-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low\u2010pressure hydrodistension induces bladder glomerulations in female patients with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4567-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin\u2010Nei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital China Medical University Tainan City Taiwan, 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