{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:23:00Z","timestamp":1791890580276,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pad test is an assessment tool for urinary incontinence (UI) severity classification and therapeutic response monitoring. However, the reliability and reproducibility of this test have been questioned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize the evidence regarding the accuracy measures and reproducibility of different pad test protocols for assessing UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of this tool was performed (CRD42020219392). Eligibility criteria: Studies reporting data on the accuracy measures and reproducibility of the pad test when used for detecting UI in adult men and women. Data sources: MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, and Pedro. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) using the QUADAS\u20102 tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 1048 studies, 18 studies were included. Eight of these reported accuracy data, and 12 reported reproducibility properties. A total of 1070 individuals were analyzed, whose mean age ranged from 20 to 90 years. The accuracy of the long\u2010duration protocols was generally moderate to high (sensitivity, 60%\u201393%; specificity, 60%\u201384%). The 1\u2010h\u00a0protocols obtained higher accuracy values. The overall reproducibility was moderate to high (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.66).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RoB was high and, due to different cutoff points adopted by studies, the bivariate model was not satisfied to perform a meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 1\u2010h\u00a0pad test was more accurate but less reproducible when compared to the long\u2010duration tests. Pad test results should be used with caution in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T15:51:06Z","timestamp":1643903466000},"page":"696-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pad test for urinary incontinence diagnosis in adults: Systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Medeiros Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5022-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00edvea Rosa","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7349-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinara","family":"Sacomori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1966-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"de Sousa Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)  Recife 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Epidemiology of urinary incontinence (UI) and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and anal incontinence (AI). In: Abrams P Cardozo L Wagg A Wein A. eds6th International Consultation on Incontinence. 21\u201083. 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